CRUTEM4 225590 : HOLMOGORY temperature Lat: 64.20 (N) Lon: 41.70 (E) Elevation (m): 12.00 Start and End Years, and First Year Used (earlier years not considered reliable) 1896 2008 1896 Please cite: Osborn & Jones (2014) Earth System Science Data (doi:10.5194/essd-6-61-2014) Jones et al. (2012) J. Geophys. Res. (doi:10.1029/2011JD017139) Missing code: -99.99 Each seasonal mean requires all 3 months to have data Each annual mean requires all 12 months to have data Year, Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec, DJF, MAM, JJA, SON, Annual 1896, -13.30, -16.40, -7.00, -2.20, 6.50, 12.10, 15.00, 13.20, 7.60, 3.70, -8.90, -10.70, -99.99, -0.90, 13.43, 0.80, -0.03 1897, -11.40, -15.10, -10.00, 0.30, 14.40, 11.20, 16.30, 11.70, 9.20, 1.50, -5.80, -12.30, -12.40, 1.57, 13.07, 1.63, 0.83 1898, -9.60, -16.20, -10.80, 0.00, 8.20, 11.20, 17.90, 14.70, 9.90, -1.10, -4.00, -12.60, -12.70, -0.87, 14.60, 1.60, 0.63 1899, -15.40, -15.90, -14.50, -0.10, 2.30, 8.90, 16.50, 9.90, 8.80, 1.30, -3.20, -12.30, -14.63, -4.10, 11.77, 2.30, -1.14 1900, -13.40, -14.60, -7.40, -1.40, 4.80, 9.10, 14.00, 14.00, 7.10, 2.30, -4.00, -10.70, -13.43, -1.33, 12.37, 1.80, -0.02 1901, -6.30, -13.50, -7.80, 1.50, 6.10, 14.60, 14.20, 11.90, 7.30, 3.30, -8.20, -18.90, -10.17, -0.07, 13.57, 0.80, 0.35 1902, -18.40, -14.50, -13.10, -3.60, 4.80, 9.70, 16.70, 13.70, 6.10, -5.70, -9.60, -14.50, -17.27, -3.97, 13.37, -3.07, -2.37 1903, -14.90, -8.90, -3.00, 4.00, 7.60, 13.30, 13.60, 14.20, 6.80, -2.20, -3.10, -5.90, -12.77, 2.87, 13.70, 0.50, 1.79 1904, -7.50, -16.80, -5.80, 2.70, 5.10, 13.70, 12.70, 12.80, 7.70, 3.60, -8.00, -15.30, -10.07, 0.67, 13.07, 1.10, 0.41 1905, -11.60, -8.70, -3.70, 1.50, 8.70, 12.60, 15.90, 12.20, 7.70, 0.60, -3.80, -7.50, -11.87, 2.17, 13.57, 1.50, 1.99 1906, -10.10, -11.40, -9.40, 1.80, 11.10, 14.20, 17.90, 11.50, 5.80, 0.90, -6.20, -9.40, -9.67, 1.17, 14.53, 0.17, 1.39 1907, -23.00, -7.80, -3.20, 2.00, 3.00, 15.30, 17.20, 12.00, 7.40, 2.80, -9.80, -19.60, -13.40, 0.60, 14.83, 0.13, -0.31 1908, -17.40, -11.00, -8.80, 1.60, 3.80, 13.40, 15.80, 13.40, 7.40, 0.70, -8.20, -10.00, -16.00, -1.13, 14.20, -0.03, 0.06 1909, -8.90, -11.30, -7.10, -4.10, 3.30, 10.90, 16.30, 13.70, 9.90, 4.70, -5.70, -9.00, -10.07, -2.63, 13.63, 2.97, 1.06 1910, -11.20, -3.90, -4.10, 2.00, 6.90, 11.50, 15.90, 10.20, 7.90, -1.40, -6.70, -8.50, -8.03, 1.60, 12.53, -0.07, 1.55 1911, -11.90, -17.60, -7.20, -2.40, 5.60, 12.90, 13.30, 14.30, 7.20, 0.50, -0.70, -6.00, -12.67, -1.33, 13.50, 2.33, 0.67 1912, -15.60, -21.30, -8.00, -2.60, 5.40, 15.40, 12.20, 14.10, 8.80, -4.10, -4.20, -10.80, -14.30, -1.73, 13.90, 0.17, -0.89 1913, -12.30, -16.40, -6.50, 4.00, 3.90, 10.50, 17.60, 15.10, 8.00, -2.10, -4.90, -9.60, -13.17, 0.47, 14.40, 0.33, 0.61 1914, -16.40, -11.90, -8.00, -2.40, 5.80, 15.20, 14.70, 12.90, 7.60, 0.50, -5.70, -6.60, -12.63, -1.53, 14.27, 0.80, 0.47 1915, -11.90, -10.10, -13.00, 0.40, 5.90, 9.90, 18.20, 12.50, 6.20, -0.10, -10.20, -20.60, -9.53, -2.23, 13.53, -1.37, -1.07 1916, -11.10, -5.90, -9.10, -0.10, 2.50, 13.80, 17.20, 10.40, 5.50, -1.10, -1.90, -9.30, -12.53, -2.23, 13.80, 0.83, 0.91 1917, -15.50, -20.00, -14.20, -0.10, 3.10, 15.60, 14.50, 14.70, 8.60, 3.90, -6.40, -9.30, -14.93, -3.73, 14.93, 2.03, -0.42 1918, -19.50, -12.50, -8.80, 0.70, 0.40, 12.30, 13.90, 8.90, 7.60, 3.40, -2.90, -9.60, -13.77, -2.57, 11.70, 2.70, -0.51 1919, -14.60, -17.50, -11.20, -0.10, 4.80, 17.20, 16.60, 13.50, 9.20, 1.60, -8.50, -14.40, -13.90, -2.17, 15.77, 0.77, -0.28 1920, -15.50, -8.90, -2.00, 3.90, 11.70, 13.70, 17.50, 14.80, 10.40, -2.30, -2.50, -5.50, -12.93, 4.53, 15.33, 1.87, 2.94 1921, -11.80, -11.60, -3.10, 6.00, 10.10, 17.30, 13.30, 13.20, 7.30, -2.50, -7.50, -12.00, -9.63, 4.33, 14.60, -0.90, 1.56 1922, -11.40, -14.40, -8.30, 1.10, 8.70, 15.50, 17.50, 13.50, 9.30, 0.40, -3.20, -10.40, -12.60, 0.50, 15.50, 2.17, 1.52 1923, -7.00, -13.70, -7.90, -4.80, 3.40, 12.60, 15.10, 9.90, 9.30, 4.20, -2.70, -9.10, -10.37, -3.10, 12.53, 3.60, 0.77 1924, -16.80, -11.50, -6.10, -1.20, 6.00, 10.40, 13.70, 15.00, 9.20, 3.00, -2.10, -8.30, -12.47, -0.43, 13.03, 3.37, 0.94 1925, -7.90, -7.80, -9.50, 0.30, 6.00, 11.50, 18.70, 14.50, 7.30, -0.80, -9.00, -12.40, -8.00, -1.07, 14.90, -0.83, 0.91 1926, -14.00, -12.60, -6.20, -3.10, 5.90, 14.50, 11.50, 11.40, 7.70, -0.10, -3.20, -13.00, -13.00, -1.13, 12.47, 1.47, -0.10 1927, -18.80, -8.60, -7.30, -0.20, 5.80, 13.50, 17.70, 16.10, 6.30, -0.10, -7.20, -11.60, -13.47, -0.57, 15.77, -0.33, 0.47 1928, -9.50, -11.60, -7.50, -2.40, 7.10, 10.70, 14.70, 13.60, 7.80, 0.00, -7.60, -5.90, -10.90, -0.93, 13.00, 0.07, 0.78 1929, -15.80, -19.00, -11.30, -7.90, 6.20, 11.50, 14.50, 13.80, 7.40, 3.80, -1.20, -7.60, -13.57, -4.33, 13.27, 3.33, -0.47 1930, -5.00, -12.40, -9.30, -1.90, 6.80, 9.70, 14.90, 17.80, 5.30, 1.50, -3.80, -13.90, -8.33, -1.47, 14.13, 1.00, 0.81 1931, -14.80, -13.10, -9.40, 1.10, 8.60, 12.50, -99.99, -99.99, 7.00, 1.90, -99.99, -99.99, -13.93, 0.10, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99 1932, -7.80, -14.80, -9.90, 2.30, 5.70, 11.80, 17.40, 16.50, 8.90, 2.50, -3.20, -5.00, -99.99, -0.63, 15.23, 2.73, 2.03 1933, -15.60, -13.30, -10.50, -0.80, 4.10, 13.30, 18.70, 11.30, 7.80, 2.30, -7.30, -15.70, -11.30, -2.40, 14.43, 0.93, -0.48 1934, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, 19.00, 12.90, 8.10, 2.30, -1.40, -7.80, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, 3.00, -99.99 1935, -13.40, -6.30, -6.30, -0.20, 3.80, 12.30, 14.60, 13.30, 7.30, 2.20, -2.70, -4.90, -9.17, -0.90, 13.40, 2.27, 1.64 1936, -12.10, -18.20, -6.60, 1.50, 7.90, 17.50, 18.10, 14.70, 7.10, 0.50, -0.50, -2.60, -11.73, 0.93, 16.77, 2.37, 2.27 1937, -9.30, -9.10, -6.10, 2.50, 6.50, 16.00, 16.20, 16.00, 8.60, 3.40, -2.60, -13.70, -7.00, 0.97, 16.07, 3.13, 2.37 1938, -12.90, -9.50, -4.30, 0.10, 7.50, 12.60, 20.50, 14.10, 11.10, 1.10, -1.90, -11.00, -12.03, 1.10, 15.73, 3.43, 2.28 1939, -13.90, -10.50, -6.50, -2.80, 3.90, 13.20, 15.00, 13.50, 4.90, -0.30, -0.70, -9.80, -11.80, -1.80, 13.90, 1.30, 0.50 1940, -23.20, -17.60, -11.90, -1.80, 5.10, 12.80, 17.20, 15.90, 10.10, -0.10, -4.10, -11.50, -16.87, -2.87, 15.30, 1.97, -0.76 1941, -19.30, -13.00, -15.00, -5.20, 2.30, 8.80, 17.30, 13.90, 6.00, -0.60, -6.60, -20.50, -14.60, -5.97, 13.33, -0.40, -2.66 1942, -17.00, -13.00, -14.70, -1.60, 5.80, 12.70, 14.20, 12.60, 7.60, 1.60, -6.50, -8.30, -16.83, -3.50, 13.17, 0.90, -0.55 1943, -15.90, -6.20, -4.70, 1.00, 7.70, 13.80, 18.70, 12.90, 7.80, 1.70, -1.70, -6.80, -10.13, 1.33, 15.13, 2.60, 2.36 1944, -6.70, -9.10, -6.60, -3.10, 6.30, 10.90, 13.30, 12.60, 9.80, 4.30, -3.80, -8.00, -7.53, -1.13, 12.27, 3.43, 1.66 1945, -12.10, -10.00, -9.50, -2.00, 2.20, 12.30, 14.30, 16.40, 7.00, -1.40, -5.10, -17.70, -10.03, -3.10, 14.33, 0.17, -0.47 1946, -11.90, -16.60, -7.80, -1.30, 4.60, 13.30, 16.90, 14.00, 8.90, -1.60, -4.30, -4.10, -15.40, -1.50, 14.73, 1.00, 0.84 1947, -12.10, -20.40, -11.50, -0.20, 3.50, 15.30, 13.30, 13.70, 9.10, 1.80, -3.80, -12.60, -12.20, -2.73, 14.10, 2.37, -0.33 1948, -13.20, -12.60, -8.10, 0.30, 10.80, 16.00, 12.30, 12.00, 9.10, 3.20, -1.70, -7.80, -12.80, 1.00, 13.43, 3.53, 1.69 1949, -5.90, -10.90, -8.30, 1.40, 8.70, 12.10, 13.30, 13.30, 8.80, 1.20, -3.60, -8.40, -8.20, 0.60, 12.90, 2.13, 1.81 1950, -18.20, -10.30, -5.30, 4.50, 5.70, 12.20, 12.60, 12.90, 8.80, 3.80, -3.40, -7.30, -12.30, 1.63, 12.57, 3.07, 1.33 1951, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99 1952, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99 1953, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99 1954, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99 1955, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99 1956, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99 1957, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99 1958, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99 1959, -10.70, -6.60, -3.20, -2.80, 6.60, 14.70, 15.80, 15.00, 5.70, -1.80, -4.20, -11.40, -99.99, 0.20, 15.17, -0.10, 1.43 1960, -17.10, -14.60, -8.80, 1.50, 9.00, 13.20, 21.20, 14.20, 7.10, -2.30, -8.00, -6.70, -14.37, 0.57, 16.20, -1.07, 0.73 1961, -9.60, -6.50, -3.80, -3.80, 4.90, 16.40, 19.20, 13.90, 7.00, 5.80, -6.90, -12.10, -7.60, -0.90, 16.50, 1.97, 2.04 1962, -9.10, -9.10, -11.10, 3.30, 9.40, 10.50, 14.90, 12.30, 7.80, 1.70, -0.60, -10.90, -10.10, 0.53, 12.57, 2.97, 1.59 1963, -18.90, -15.20, -16.90, 0.50, 11.80, 10.80, 15.20, 13.90, 10.70, 2.50, -5.70, -13.70, -15.00, -1.53, 13.30, 2.50, -0.42 1964, -11.00, -11.00, -10.40, -1.30, 8.30, 13.10, 17.40, 15.00, 7.10, 2.80, -8.20, -8.90, -11.90, -1.13, 15.17, 0.57, 1.07 1965, -15.00, -17.20, -6.50, -0.20, 3.20, 13.20, 14.20, 12.80, 9.50, 1.20, -9.00, -5.80, -13.70, -1.17, 13.40, 0.57, 0.03 1966, -22.30, -24.50, -12.30, -2.30, 7.40, 12.70, 16.90, 13.20, 5.80, -0.90, -1.10, -14.90, -17.53, -2.40, 14.27, 1.27, -1.86 1967, -17.60, -10.00, -0.60, 3.70, 6.70, 12.10, 15.90, 17.60, 9.00, 4.40, -0.10, -15.40, -14.17, 3.27, 15.20, 4.43, 2.14 1968, -24.20, -10.30, -4.90, -2.80, 5.00, 13.20, 11.90, 13.00, 5.50, -2.20, -7.60, -10.90, -16.63, -0.90, 12.70, -1.43, -1.19 1969, -20.60, -18.10, -10.20, -0.50, 2.10, 8.60, 14.70, 12.60, 7.90, 1.50, -2.30, -12.40, -16.53, -2.87, 11.97, 2.37, -1.39 1970, -12.40, -15.40, -4.40, -0.80, 5.70, 13.30, 18.40, 13.60, 9.10, 2.90, -7.60, -9.00, -13.40, 0.17, 15.10, 1.47, 1.12 1971, -8.50, -16.20, -9.10, -2.60, 3.30, 10.00, 14.80, 13.00, 7.10, -1.30, -6.50, -12.40, -11.23, -2.80, 12.60, -0.23, -0.70 1972, -16.50, -10.20, -6.40, -0.10, 4.70, 14.30, 19.80, 17.60, 6.20, 2.40, -7.70, -2.60, -13.03, -0.60, 17.23, 0.30, 1.79 1973, -14.10, -10.00, -6.50, 2.20, 8.80, 14.80, 16.00, 13.10, 4.30, -1.00, -7.80, -13.40, -8.90, 1.50, 14.63, -1.50, 0.53 1974, -14.30, -7.70, -2.60, -1.40, 3.80, 16.00, 20.40, 14.70, 11.20, 2.30, -6.40, -3.00, -11.80, -0.07, 17.03, 2.37, 2.75 1975, -10.10, -11.50, -1.60, 2.30, 9.40, 11.60, 16.20, 11.40, 10.50, 0.00, -2.80, -7.30, -8.20, 3.37, 13.07, 2.57, 2.34 1976, -18.20, -13.30, -6.90, 0.70, 7.20, 10.60, 14.80, 12.70, 6.80, -2.00, -5.10, -6.00, -12.93, 0.33, 12.70, -0.10, 0.11 1977, -13.30, -13.40, -7.10, 1.70, 8.20, 14.40, 17.90, 13.40, 6.60, -1.40, -1.10, -10.90, -10.90, 0.93, 15.23, 1.37, 1.25 1978, -12.60, -17.70, -5.70, -3.30, 5.80, 10.50, 13.90, 11.60, 7.30, 1.10, -4.00, -22.40, -13.73, -1.07, 12.00, 1.47, -1.29 1979, -16.90, -16.60, -4.80, -3.70, 9.90, 10.70, 15.80, 13.50, 7.90, -1.30, -2.20, -7.90, -18.63, 0.47, 13.33, 1.47, 0.37 1980, -15.40, -10.40, -9.00, 0.30, 5.60, 16.10, 13.70, 11.60, 8.40, 1.80, -8.80, -10.40, -11.23, -1.03, 13.80, 0.47, 0.29 1981, -8.90, -9.70, -10.20, -2.60, 6.20, 13.60, 17.70, 15.40, 8.00, 5.60, -2.60, -10.20, -9.67, -2.20, 15.57, 3.67, 1.86 1982, -21.60, -9.10, -5.90, 1.20, 8.70, 8.50, 16.30, 11.70, 7.90, -1.60, -0.70, -6.00, -13.63, 1.33, 12.17, 1.87, 0.78 1983, -9.30, -12.20, -7.00, 3.90, 7.80, 12.30, 16.70, 11.60, 8.60, 2.10, -7.90, -8.40, -9.17, 1.57, 13.53, 0.93, 1.52 1984, -9.30, -8.30, -6.30, -0.30, 11.70, 14.30, 16.90, 11.70, 7.50, -0.40, -6.60, -11.60, -8.67, 1.70, 14.30, 0.17, 1.61 1985, -25.20, -22.30, -4.30, -2.50, 4.50, 13.70, 15.40, 15.40, 8.90, 2.40, -4.80, -17.20, -19.70, -0.77, 14.83, 2.17, -1.33 1986, -15.30, -18.00, -2.40, 1.10, 6.10, 14.50, 15.00, 11.50, 5.10, 2.50, -0.20, -15.20, -16.83, 1.60, 13.67, 2.47, 0.39 1987, -21.30, -13.70, -8.10, -1.40, 7.50, 14.00, 13.50, 11.80, 7.60, 4.20, -10.90, -14.50, -16.73, -0.67, 13.10, 0.30, -0.94 1988, -13.50, -9.70, -3.60, -2.40, 6.40, 14.90, 18.90, 14.40, 8.10, 2.70, -9.60, -11.80, -12.57, 0.13, 16.07, 0.40, 1.23 1989, -9.80, -7.10, -0.90, 3.00, 10.40, 18.10, 16.40, 14.00, 9.60, 1.30, -5.10, -12.00, -9.57, 4.17, 16.17, 1.93, 3.16 1990, -16.20, -1.70, -3.10, 3.10, 4.70, 12.40, 17.80, 13.70, 5.60, 0.30, -8.50, -6.80, -9.97, 1.57, 14.63, -0.87, 1.77 1991, -15.50, -9.80, -9.20, 1.60, 8.30, 15.40, 15.30, 13.20, 7.10, 4.10, -0.90, -10.50, -10.70, 0.23, 14.63, 3.43, 1.59 1992, -13.30, -7.40, -1.90, -1.80, 8.70, 11.70, 14.30, 11.90, 12.10, -4.00, -10.70, -4.00, -10.40, 1.67, 12.63, -0.87, 1.30 1993, -9.80, -8.30, -5.00, -0.40, 7.50, 12.60, 16.60, 13.50, 4.30, 0.00, -12.20, -10.70, -7.37, 0.70, 14.23, -2.63, 0.67 1994, -11.00, -14.70, -4.10, 3.60, 4.20, 13.70, 14.80, 13.20, 8.00, 2.30, -8.90, -7.70, -12.13, 1.23, 13.90, 0.47, 1.12 1995, -7.40, -5.70, -2.50, 3.40, 8.80, 14.70, 14.20, 13.50, 9.00, 3.10, -8.40, -13.60, -6.93, 3.23, 14.13, 1.23, 2.42 1996, -9.50, -13.30, -5.50, -1.50, 6.30, 12.10, 14.90, 13.40, 5.90, 2.60, 1.00, -9.60, -12.13, -0.23, 13.47, 3.17, 1.40 1997, -15.70, -11.60, -5.20, -1.40, 5.60, 14.70, 14.20, 14.60, 8.40, -0.20, -7.10, -13.20, -12.30, -0.33, 14.50, 0.37, 0.26 1998, -10.70, -21.80, -7.70, -4.50, 7.30, 14.30, 18.30, 12.70, 7.70, 2.60, -7.30, -12.40, -15.23, -1.63, 15.10, 1.00, -0.13 1999, -18.30, -13.30, -6.80, 2.40, 1.70, 16.20, 17.10, 12.30, 8.90, 4.90, -8.90, -6.30, -14.67, -0.90, 15.20, 1.63, 0.83 2000, -12.70, -7.40, -3.80, 3.10, 7.20, 15.10, 19.30, 13.00, 8.50, 5.50, -4.40, -11.50, -8.80, 2.17, 15.80, 3.20, 2.66 2001, -7.90, -16.00, -9.60, 4.40, 6.00, 14.00, 18.10, 12.70, 10.50, -0.10, -7.20, -14.40, -11.80, 0.27, 14.93, 1.07, 0.88 2002, -13.60, -7.50, -5.40, 2.00, 5.90, 13.20, 17.30, 11.00, 6.60, -0.20, -9.80, -13.70, -11.83, 0.83, 13.83, -1.13, 0.48 2003, -18.40, -9.30, -4.20, 0.20, 10.20, 8.90, 20.10, 15.90, 9.00, 3.50, -2.20, -6.20, -13.80, 2.07, 14.97, 3.43, 2.29 2004, -10.60, -11.50, -5.00, -0.40, 8.40, 12.80, 19.30, 14.10, 9.40, 2.40, -5.60, -8.70, -9.43, 1.00, 15.40, 2.07, 2.05 2005, -99.99, -99.99, -99.99, 0.30, 9.10, 13.80, 17.00, 16.10, 9.50, 4.90, 2.00, -9.80, -99.99, -99.99, 15.63, 5.47, -99.99 2006, -14.80, -15.20, -9.50, 2.80, 9.10, 16.00, 14.10, 13.70, 9.40, 0.90, -4.40, -2.30, -13.27, 0.80, 14.60, 1.97, 1.65 2007, -7.90, -18.10, 0.00, 1.70, 8.40, 10.40, 18.10, 16.60, 9.10, 4.50, -4.70, -2.80, -9.43, 3.37, 15.03, 2.97, 2.94 2008, -7.70, -7.60, -6.40, 0.40, 5.30, 12.40, 16.40, 12.10, 7.20, 4.70, -0.40, -3.10, -6.03, -0.23, 13.63, 3.83, 2.78