Monthly, seasonal, and annual climate observations averaged for political units. Time period = mean Variable = near-surface temperature (degrees Celsius) missing value = -999.0 : format = (a20,12f8.1,5f8.1) * File created and owned by Dr. Tim Mitchell (t.mitchell@uea.ac.uk). Full rights retained. Created at the Tyndall Centre (www.tyndall.ac.uk) on 08.05.2003 at 17:12 The data in this file may be used for non-commercial scientific and educational purposes. Where research using this data is published, the source should be acknowledged as: Mitchell,T.D. et al 2003: A comprehensive set of climate scenarios for Europe and the globe. In prep. Method: The country aggregation is based on the CRU TS 2.0 gridded data-set. The gridded data were aggregated into countries using political boundaries; see: Mitchell,Hulme,New,2001: Climate data for political areas. Area 34:109-112 For more information see http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/~timm/ Disclaimer: No responsibility is taken for the accuracy of these data. Disclaimer: No political statement is implied in the selection of these political units. * * AGGREGATION JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC MAM JJA SON DJF ANN Actaeon Group 26.1 26.4 26.4 25.8 24.5 23.4 22.8 22.5 22.8 23.4 24.3 25.2 25.6 22.9 23.5 25.0 24.5 Afghanistan -0.2 1.7 7.1 13.1 17.8 22.9 24.9 23.4 18.7 12.7 6.7 2.2 12.7 23.7 12.7 1.2 12.6 Albania 2.0 3.3 6.2 10.2 14.7 18.1 20.7 20.6 17.4 12.4 7.7 3.6 10.4 19.8 12.5 2.9 11.4 Aldabra Isl 27.7 28.0 28.2 28.1 27.3 25.8 25.1 25.0 25.6 26.6 27.5 27.6 27.9 25.3 26.6 26.8 26.9 Aleutians -1.5 -2.6 -1.8 0.2 3.7 7.1 10.0 10.7 8.9 4.7 1.3 -0.8 0.7 9.3 5.0 -1.6 3.3 Algeria 12.1 14.7 17.8 21.8 26.3 30.7 32.4 31.9 28.7 23.2 17.3 12.8 22.0 31.7 23.1 12.8 22.5 Amsterdam Isl 16.7 17.0 15.8 14.5 12.6 11.0 10.4 10.3 11.0 12.0 13.4 15.5 14.3 10.6 12.2 15.9 13.4 Andaman Isl 25.7 25.9 26.8 28.1 27.7 26.9 26.6 26.5 26.4 26.7 26.6 26.1 27.5 26.7 26.6 25.0 26.7 Andorra 0.2 1.0 3.0 5.2 9.1 13.0 16.4 16.0 13.5 9.0 3.7 1.0 5.8 15.1 8.7 0.7 7.6 Angola 22.6 22.7 22.8 22.4 20.8 18.5 18.0 19.9 22.1 23.0 22.7 22.6 22.0 18.8 22.6 21.9 21.5 Anguilla 24.2 24.1 24.6 25.0 25.5 26.2 26.5 26.8 26.8 26.3 25.8 24.8 25.1 26.5 26.3 23.5 25.5 Antigua 24.7 24.6 25.0 25.4 26.1 26.7 27.0 27.1 27.0 26.7 26.2 25.2 25.5 26.9 26.6 24.0 26.0 Antipodes Isl 11.2 10.7 9.2 7.4 5.6 4.4 3.7 3.6 4.3 5.8 7.9 10.2 7.4 3.9 6.0 10.3 7.0 Argentina 21.4 20.5 18.1 14.6 11.2 8.2 8.0 9.6 12.1 15.3 18.1 20.4 14.7 8.6 15.2 20.1 14.8 Armenia -7.3 -5.4 0.3 7.1 12.1 16.3 20.4 19.7 15.4 8.4 2.3 -3.9 6.5 18.8 8.7 -5.4 7.1 Ascension 26.0 26.9 27.5 27.5 26.7 25.5 25.0 24.2 24.1 24.2 24.6 25.3 27.2 24.9 24.3 25.2 25.6 Auckland Isl 10.0 10.1 9.5 8.0 6.2 4.9 4.8 5.2 5.9 6.6 7.5 9.0 7.9 5.0 6.7 9.4 7.3 Australia 27.6 27.1 25.3 22.0 18.2 15.2 14.3 16.0 19.1 22.5 25.1 26.9 21.8 15.2 22.3 26.3 21.6 Austria -3.4 -1.8 1.6 5.7 10.3 13.5 15.4 15.2 12.2 7.6 1.8 -2.1 5.9 14.7 7.2 -2.4 6.3 Azerbaijan -0.4 0.6 4.6 11.3 16.6 21.4 24.4 23.8 19.4 12.4 7.0 1.8 10.8 23.2 12.9 0.6 11.9 Azores 13.6 13.2 13.7 14.4 15.8 17.8 19.9 21.1 20.4 18.3 16.2 14.5 14.7 19.6 18.3 13.3 16.6 Bahamas 21.3 21.5 22.7 23.9 25.6 27.1 27.8 27.9 27.5 26.2 24.1 22.2 24.1 27.6 25.9 20.9 24.8 Bahrain 15.8 18.0 21.9 26.8 32.4 35.1 36.8 36.1 33.3 28.7 22.9 17.9 27.1 36.0 28.3 16.6 27.1 Banaba 27.6 27.8 27.9 27.6 28.2 27.9 28.0 27.9 27.2 28.1 28.1 27.9 27.9 27.9 27.8 26.8 27.8 Bangladesh 18.5 20.8 24.9 27.3 27.8 27.7 27.6 27.7 27.8 26.7 23.4 19.6 26.6 27.7 26.0 19.0 25.0 Barbados 24.9 25.0 25.2 25.9 26.5 26.7 26.5 26.7 26.7 26.5 26.1 25.5 25.9 26.6 26.5 24.2 26.0 Barbuda 24.9 24.8 25.2 25.5 26.0 26.5 26.9 27.1 27.0 26.8 26.4 25.4 25.6 26.8 26.7 24.2 26.0 Bassas da India 27.3 27.3 26.9 25.4 23.2 21.3 20.9 21.6 22.8 24.0 25.3 26.6 25.2 21.3 24.0 26.1 24.4 Belarus -7.0 -5.7 -0.9 6.8 13.3 16.5 17.7 16.9 12.3 6.7 1.0 -3.7 6.4 17.0 6.7 -5.4 6.2 Belgium 2.0 2.6 5.3 8.2 12.5 15.4 17.2 17.2 14.5 10.8 5.8 3.1 8.7 16.6 10.3 2.4 9.6 Belize 22.7 23.3 24.7 26.2 27.0 27.1 26.6 26.9 26.7 25.6 23.9 22.9 26.0 26.8 25.4 22.2 25.3 Benin 26.4 28.6 30.2 30.4 29.1 27.3 26.0 25.6 25.9 27.2 27.2 26.3 29.9 26.3 26.8 26.2 27.5 Bermuda 17.2 17.1 17.3 18.3 20.9 23.7 25.9 26.5 25.8 23.9 20.7 18.4 18.8 25.4 23.4 17.0 21.3 Bhutan -0.8 0.8 4.2 7.4 10.4 13.5 13.9 13.6 12.4 8.4 3.8 0.8 7.3 13.7 8.2 0.2 7.4 Bioko 24.9 25.7 25.7 25.3 24.9 24.1 23.2 23.2 23.7 24.0 24.6 24.6 25.3 23.5 24.1 24.2 24.5 Bolivia 23.0 22.9 22.5 21.5 19.9 18.3 18.4 20.1 22.0 23.1 23.4 23.2 21.3 18.9 22.8 22.3 21.5 Bonin Isl 14.5 14.3 15.8 18.9 21.3 24.0 26.2 26.9 25.9 23.3 20.2 16.6 18.6 25.7 23.1 14.6 20.6 Bosnia-Herzegovinia -0.6 1.2 4.9 9.4 13.9 17.3 19.4 19.2 15.8 10.7 5.5 1.4 9.4 18.6 10.7 0.6 9.8 Botswana 26.1 25.3 24.2 21.4 17.6 14.5 14.4 17.3 21.5 24.4 25.4 25.8 21.1 15.4 23.8 24.9 21.5 Brazil 25.6 25.6 25.5 25.1 24.3 23.4 23.3 24.3 25.2 25.7 25.7 25.6 24.9 23.7 25.5 24.8 24.9 Brunei 26.1 26.2 26.8 27.3 27.6 27.4 27.1 27.1 27.1 26.8 26.5 26.3 27.2 27.2 26.8 25.3 26.9 Bulgaria -1.0 0.9 4.7 10.2 15.2 18.8 21.0 20.7 17.0 11.6 6.0 1.3 10.0 20.2 11.5 0.4 10.5 Burkina Faso 24.8 27.7 30.5 32.1 31.7 29.5 27.3 26.6 27.2 28.8 27.4 25.2 31.5 27.8 27.8 25.0 28.2 Burundi 19.8 19.8 20.0 19.7 19.5 18.9 19.0 20.0 20.5 20.3 19.6 19.6 19.7 19.3 20.2 19.1 19.7 Cabinda 26.0 26.7 26.9 26.9 25.8 22.9 21.7 21.9 23.6 25.3 25.7 25.7 26.5 22.2 24.9 25.3 24.9 Cambodia 24.7 26.4 27.7 28.9 28.4 27.7 27.2 27.2 26.9 26.5 25.7 24.7 28.3 27.4 26.3 24.4 26.8 Cameroon 23.9 25.5 26.4 26.5 25.6 24.4 23.4 23.3 23.7 24.3 24.2 23.6 26.2 23.7 24.1 23.5 24.6 Campbell Isl 8.5 8.5 7.9 6.5 5.2 4.2 3.9 4.2 4.5 5.1 6.0 7.6 6.5 4.1 5.2 7.9 6.0 Canada -22.7 -21.2 -16.3 -7.5 1.3 8.3 12.0 10.6 4.9 -2.4 -12.1 -19.5 -7.5 10.3 -3.2 -20.4 -5.4 Canary Isl 14.2 14.6 15.6 15.9 17.2 19.1 21.6 22.4 21.8 19.7 17.4 15.0 16.2 21.0 19.6 14.1 17.9 Cape Verde Isl 21.2 21.2 21.7 22.1 22.7 23.4 24.3 25.4 25.8 25.3 24.0 22.2 22.2 24.4 25.0 20.8 23.3 Caroline Isl 27.3 27.4 27.5 27.5 27.6 27.5 27.3 27.4 27.3 27.4 27.5 27.4 27.6 27.4 27.4 26.5 27.4 Central African Rep 24.2 26.1 27.1 26.9 26.0 24.7 23.8 23.7 23.9 24.3 24.3 23.6 26.6 24.1 24.2 23.8 24.9 Chad 20.5 22.9 26.4 29.4 30.9 30.7 29.2 28.1 28.3 27.1 23.7 21.1 28.9 29.3 26.4 20.8 26.5 Chagos Archipelago 27.6 28.0 28.4 28.6 27.9 26.9 26.4 26.4 26.6 26.9 27.4 27.9 28.3 26.6 27.0 26.9 27.4 Chile 12.6 12.2 10.9 8.8 6.6 4.7 4.3 5.0 6.4 8.2 10.1 11.7 8.8 4.7 8.2 11.8 8.5 China -7.4 -5.0 1.2 8.1 13.5 17.4 19.7 18.8 14.4 8.0 0.4 -5.5 7.6 18.6 7.6 -5.8 6.9 Christmas Isl 25.8 26.1 26.2 26.3 25.7 25.0 24.5 24.6 25.2 25.7 25.9 25.9 26.1 24.7 25.6 25.1 25.6 Cocos Isl 26.8 27.1 27.2 27.1 26.7 26.0 25.5 25.5 25.6 26.1 26.4 26.6 27.0 25.7 26.0 25.9 26.4 Colombia 24.7 25.1 25.2 24.8 24.4 24.0 23.9 24.1 24.3 24.3 24.5 24.4 24.8 24.0 24.4 23.9 24.5 Comoros 26.6 26.6 26.8 26.6 25.7 24.1 23.6 23.8 24.4 25.6 26.4 26.6 26.3 23.8 25.5 25.7 25.6 Congo 24.7 25.3 25.6 25.6 25.2 23.8 23.1 23.4 24.0 24.5 24.5 24.5 25.5 23.4 24.3 24.0 24.5 Cook Isl 26.2 26.5 26.3 25.7 24.5 23.5 22.9 22.8 23.2 23.8 24.7 25.3 25.5 23.0 23.9 25.1 24.6 Costa Rica 24.3 24.8 25.6 26.1 25.5 24.7 24.9 24.7 24.4 24.2 24.0 23.9 25.7 24.8 24.2 23.5 24.8 Croatia 0.9 2.8 6.1 10.2 14.7 18.0 20.3 19.9 16.7 11.9 6.6 2.4 10.3 19.4 11.7 1.9 10.9 Crozet Isl 7.5 8.2 7.8 6.6 5.0 3.1 3.6 3.2 3.1 4.0 4.8 6.5 6.4 3.3 4.0 7.1 5.3 Cuba 22.3 22.5 23.7 24.7 26.0 26.9 27.4 27.4 27.0 26.1 24.6 23.1 24.8 27.3 25.9 21.9 25.2 Curacao Isl 26.7 26.9 27.2 27.8 28.6 29.0 28.9 29.2 29.3 28.8 28.1 27.1 27.9 29.0 28.8 26.0 28.1 Cyprus 10.0 10.6 12.7 16.5 20.4 24.5 27.1 27.1 24.7 20.4 15.6 11.6 16.6 26.2 20.2 10.3 18.4 Czech Republic -2.9 -1.2 2.7 7.4 12.2 15.3 17.0 16.8 13.3 8.5 2.7 -1.1 7.4 16.3 8.2 -1.7 7.5 Denmark -1.0 -0.9 1.8 5.7 10.9 14.8 16.2 16.0 12.7 8.8 4.1 0.7 6.2 15.7 8.6 -0.4 7.5 Djibouti 23.7 24.6 26.3 27.9 29.7 31.7 32.4 31.8 30.4 27.7 25.5 23.9 28.0 32.0 27.9 23.3 28.0 Dominica 21.1 20.9 21.2 21.6 22.5 23.3 23.3 23.4 23.3 23.0 22.4 21.6 21.8 23.3 22.9 20.5 22.3 Dominican Republic 22.4 22.7 23.5 24.3 25.0 25.6 25.8 26.1 26.0 25.4 24.4 23.1 24.3 25.8 25.3 22.0 24.5 Ducie Isl 23.0 23.6 23.3 22.0 20.6 19.3 18.7 18.2 18.7 19.5 20.5 21.9 22.0 18.8 19.6 22.1 20.8 Easter Isl 22.6 23.0 22.6 21.3 19.9 18.5 17.8 17.3 17.8 18.5 19.7 21.2 21.3 17.9 18.7 21.5 20.0 Ecuador 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.4 22.0 21.3 20.9 21.2 21.5 21.7 21.8 22.0 22.3 21.1 21.7 21.4 21.8 Egypt 12.9 14.6 17.7 22.4 26.2 28.7 29.1 29.1 27.3 24.1 18.7 14.3 22.1 29.0 23.3 13.5 22.1 El Salvador 23.5 24.0 25.3 26.0 25.7 24.7 24.8 24.7 24.1 23.9 23.4 23.2 25.7 24.7 23.8 22.7 24.4 Equatorial Guinea 25.1 25.5 25.3 25.2 25.1 24.2 23.1 23.3 24.1 24.2 24.5 24.6 25.2 23.5 24.3 24.2 24.5 Eritrea 22.2 23.1 24.8 26.5 27.8 28.3 27.4 26.8 26.6 25.8 24.3 22.6 26.4 27.5 25.6 21.8 25.5 Estonia -6.3 -6.1 -2.2 3.8 10.2 14.6 16.5 15.5 11.1 6.3 1.0 -3.5 3.9 15.6 6.1 -5.2 5.1 Ethiopia 20.9 22.1 23.3 23.5 23.3 23.0 22.1 22.0 22.4 21.8 21.0 20.5 23.4 22.4 21.7 20.5 22.2 Faeroes 2.9 2.9 3.3 4.6 6.7 9.0 10.1 10.4 8.9 7.2 4.3 3.2 4.8 9.8 6.8 2.9 6.1 Falkland Isl 9.6 9.7 8.6 6.4 4.0 2.5 2.0 2.5 3.7 5.7 7.3 8.8 6.4 2.3 5.6 9.1 5.9 Fernando de Noronha 26.9 27.0 26.6 26.7 26.4 25.9 25.2 25.4 25.7 26.1 26.5 26.6 26.5 25.5 26.1 26.0 26.2 Fiji 25.9 26.1 26.0 25.4 24.1 23.3 22.5 22.6 23.0 23.8 24.6 25.4 25.2 22.8 23.8 24.9 24.4 Finland -11.3 -10.6 -5.7 0.4 7.3 13.0 15.3 13.3 8.2 2.6 -3.5 -8.6 0.7 13.9 2.4 -10.0 1.7 France 3.4 4.4 6.5 9.1 12.8 16.1 18.6 18.2 15.9 11.9 6.9 4.2 9.5 17.6 11.6 3.8 10.7 Franz Joseph Land -27.3 -27.1 -25.0 -20.4 -11.0 -1.8 2.9 1.3 -2.8 -11.8 -19.9 -23.7 -18.8 0.8 -11.5 -25.1 -13.9 French Guiana 25.0 24.9 25.3 25.6 25.4 25.4 25.4 25.9 26.3 26.5 26.2 25.5 25.4 25.6 26.3 24.3 25.6 Gabon 25.7 25.9 26.2 26.1 25.7 24.1 23.0 23.4 24.5 25.2 25.1 25.1 26.0 23.5 24.9 24.7 25.0 Galapagos Isl 23.9 24.8 24.9 24.6 23.5 22.3 21.2 20.4 20.3 20.7 21.5 22.6 24.3 21.3 20.8 23.0 22.5 Gambia 24.2 26.5 28.3 29.6 30.5 29.6 28.1 27.2 27.1 28.1 26.8 24.1 29.5 28.3 27.3 24.1 27.5 Georgia -7.0 -5.7 -1.1 6.0 10.9 14.3 17.3 17.0 13.1 7.0 1.4 -4.0 5.3 16.2 7.2 -5.4 5.8 Germany -0.5 0.4 3.7 7.6 12.2 15.5 17.2 16.9 13.8 9.4 4.2 0.8 7.8 16.5 9.1 0.2 8.4 Ghana 26.8 28.9 29.4 29.1 28.1 26.6 25.6 25.3 25.8 26.8 27.2 26.4 28.9 25.8 26.6 26.5 27.2 Gibraltar 12.2 12.6 13.9 15.4 18.0 21.0 23.7 24.1 22.5 18.9 15.0 12.8 15.8 22.9 18.8 12.1 17.5 Gough Isl 14.0 14.6 14.1 12.7 11.2 9.9 8.9 8.7 9.0 10.3 12.0 13.2 12.7 9.2 10.4 13.5 11.6 Grand Cayman 24.8 25.1 25.8 26.2 27.4 28.3 28.6 28.4 28.2 27.8 26.7 25.8 26.5 28.4 27.6 24.4 26.9 Greece 6.8 7.7 9.8 13.4 17.8 21.9 24.4 24.2 21.2 16.4 12.2 8.5 13.7 23.5 16.6 7.5 15.4 Greenland -23.0 -24.7 -26.3 -20.2 -11.6 -5.4 -2.2 -4.4 -11.2 -17.2 -22.3 -23.7 -19.4 -4.0 -16.9 -23.0 -16.0 Grenada 25.2 25.2 25.9 26.6 27.5 27.4 27.2 27.4 27.4 27.1 26.6 25.8 26.7 27.3 27.0 24.5 26.6 Guadalupe 15.1 15.2 15.1 15.4 15.7 16.2 18.1 19.3 19.8 19.1 17.6 15.9 15.4 17.9 18.8 14.9 16.9 Guadeloupe 24.2 24.0 24.5 25.1 25.9 26.7 26.9 26.9 26.7 26.4 25.7 24.7 25.2 26.8 26.2 23.5 25.6 Guatemala 21.1 21.9 23.3 24.7 25.2 24.8 24.3 24.4 24.1 23.4 22.3 21.5 24.4 24.5 23.2 20.8 23.4 Guinea 24.3 26.3 27.8 28.5 27.8 25.8 24.6 24.3 24.7 25.3 25.2 23.7 28.0 24.9 25.1 24.0 25.7 Guinea-Bissau 24.3 26.2 27.9 28.9 29.1 27.8 26.4 25.9 26.3 27.0 26.5 24.2 28.7 26.7 26.6 24.1 26.7 Guyana 25.3 25.4 25.8 26.0 25.9 25.6 25.6 26.0 26.5 26.8 26.5 25.8 25.9 25.7 26.6 24.7 25.9 Haiti 22.8 23.1 23.8 24.5 25.3 26.1 26.3 26.5 26.3 25.7 24.6 23.3 24.6 26.3 25.5 22.3 24.8 Hawaii 20.4 20.2 20.6 21.2 22.1 23.1 23.6 24.0 23.8 23.2 22.2 21.0 21.3 23.6 23.1 19.8 22.1 Heard Isl 6.7 6.2 4.4 2.1 0.3 -0.7 -1.4 -1.4 -1.1 0.5 3.2 5.6 2.3 -1.2 0.9 6.0 2.0 Henderson Isl 25.1 25.5 25.4 24.4 22.9 21.7 21.1 20.7 21.2 21.8 22.9 24.0 24.2 21.2 22.0 24.0 23.1 Holland 2.1 2.5 4.9 7.6 11.9 14.6 16.5 16.6 14.0 10.5 6.1 3.5 8.1 15.9 10.2 2.6 9.2 Honduras 21.3 22.0 23.4 24.4 25.1 24.6 24.1 24.4 24.4 23.6 22.5 21.8 24.3 24.3 23.5 21.0 23.5 Hong Kong 15.2 15.5 18.6 22.5 26.0 27.6 28.6 28.5 27.4 24.6 20.6 16.7 22.4 28.2 24.2 15.3 22.7 Hungary -2.2 0.6 5.1 10.4 15.2 18.2 19.8 19.4 15.8 10.5 4.6 -0.1 10.2 19.1 10.3 -0.6 9.8 Iceland -2.8 -2.4 -2.3 0.0 3.4 6.7 8.5 7.9 4.8 1.7 -1.7 -2.8 0.4 7.7 1.6 -2.6 1.7 India 16.7 19.0 23.2 27.0 29.1 28.5 26.6 26.0 25.7 24.2 20.5 17.4 26.4 27.0 23.5 17.1 23.7 Indonesia 25.6 25.7 25.9 26.1 26.1 25.6 25.3 25.5 25.7 26.1 26.2 25.9 26.1 25.5 26.0 24.9 25.8 Iran 4.8 6.8 11.7 17.2 22.4 26.8 28.7 27.4 23.7 18.1 12.1 7.0 17.1 27.6 17.9 6.0 17.2 Iraq 8.6 10.8 14.9 20.5 26.3 30.6 33.2 32.7 29.2 23.4 15.9 10.3 20.5 32.2 22.8 9.5 21.4 Ireland 4.8 4.8 6.2 7.9 10.2 13.0 14.6 14.4 12.6 10.2 6.8 5.6 8.1 14.0 9.9 4.9 9.3 Isl Glorieuses 27.6 27.6 28.2 28.1 27.6 25.8 25.4 25.5 26.3 27.6 28.0 27.8 28.0 25.5 27.3 26.7 27.1 Isl Wallis 27.2 27.2 27.2 27.1 26.9 26.8 26.3 26.0 26.5 26.5 27.0 27.3 27.1 26.4 26.7 26.3 26.8 Isl da Trindade 26.7 26.3 26.9 25.7 24.6 23.2 22.5 22.1 22.5 23.7 24.5 25.6 25.7 22.6 23.6 25.3 24.5 Isl de Horn 27.2 27.5 27.3 27.1 26.8 26.4 25.7 25.4 25.9 26.3 26.7 27.3 27.1 25.8 26.3 26.4 26.6 Isl de Providencia 26.2 26.4 27.2 27.8 28.0 27.4 27.6 27.5 27.2 26.9 26.5 26.3 27.7 27.5 26.9 25.4 27.1 Isl de San Andres 26.2 26.5 27.3 27.7 27.7 27.2 27.4 27.2 27.1 26.8 26.5 26.2 27.5 27.3 26.8 25.4 27.0 Isl de la Bahia 24.9 25.4 26.6 27.7 28.6 28.4 27.8 28.0 28.2 27.3 26.0 25.4 27.6 28.1 27.1 24.4 27.0 Israel 11.3 12.2 14.3 18.0 21.2 24.2 26.0 26.3 24.7 21.8 17.2 12.9 17.8 25.5 21.2 11.7 19.2 Italy 5.7 6.5 8.4 11.2 15.3 19.1 21.9 21.9 19.1 14.8 10.3 6.8 11.6 21.0 14.7 6.1 13.4 Ivory Coast 26.0 27.9 28.3 28.1 27.2 25.9 24.9 24.8 25.3 26.0 26.3 25.5 27.9 25.2 25.9 25.6 26.3 Jamaica 23.2 23.4 24.1 24.7 25.2 25.9 26.1 26.4 25.9 25.3 24.8 24.1 24.7 26.1 25.3 22.8 24.9 Jan Mayen -6.4 -6.8 -6.8 -4.5 -1.1 1.7 3.8 4.5 2.3 -0.6 -4.0 -5.8 -4.1 3.3 -0.8 -6.2 -2.0 Japan -0.3 0.1 3.4 9.4 14.2 17.9 21.9 23.3 19.5 13.5 7.9 2.6 9.0 21.1 13.6 0.8 11.1 Jordan 8.2 9.8 13.0 17.6 21.9 25.3 27.0 27.0 24.8 20.6 14.6 9.7 17.5 26.4 20.0 8.9 18.3 Juan Fernandez Isl 18.0 18.2 17.6 16.3 15.0 13.4 12.5 12.1 12.1 13.1 14.5 16.5 16.3 12.7 13.2 17.0 14.9 Kara Sea Isl -27.5 -27.3 -26.1 -20.0 -10.3 -1.3 1.8 1.3 -1.9 -11.1 -20.6 -23.9 -18.8 0.6 -11.2 -25.3 -13.9 Kazakhstan -11.8 -11.3 -3.5 8.6 16.1 21.2 23.7 21.2 15.3 6.5 -1.4 -8.1 7.1 22.0 6.8 -10.1 6.4 Kenya 25.1 25.9 26.3 25.7 24.7 23.7 23.1 23.4 24.2 25.0 24.8 24.8 25.6 23.4 24.7 24.4 24.7 Kerguelen Isl 6.6 6.7 5.8 4.3 2.4 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.1 2.2 3.9 5.6 4.2 0.8 2.4 6.1 3.4 Kiribati 28.1 28.2 28.2 28.1 28.5 28.2 28.0 28.0 28.1 28.0 28.3 28.2 28.3 28.1 28.2 27.2 28.2 Komandorskiye Isl -5.0 -5.1 -4.3 -1.7 2.0 5.9 9.5 11.1 9.0 4.3 -0.9 -3.7 -1.3 8.8 4.1 -4.5 1.8 Kuril Isl -6.4 -7.3 -4.4 0.6 4.3 6.9 10.5 13.1 11.4 7.3 1.7 -2.9 0.2 10.1 6.8 -5.3 2.9 Kuwait 12.8 15.0 19.4 24.4 30.8 34.7 36.3 35.8 32.8 27.4 20.2 14.5 24.9 35.6 26.8 13.6 25.3 Kyrgyzstan -13.8 -12.3 -4.6 3.7 8.1 12.1 14.9 14.2 9.4 2.6 -4.8 -10.6 2.4 13.7 2.4 -11.9 1.6 La Tortuga Isl 25.2 25.5 26.3 27.0 27.7 27.5 27.3 27.5 27.7 27.5 26.8 25.9 27.0 27.4 27.4 24.7 26.8 Laccadive Isl 26.2 26.8 28.1 29.0 28.7 26.9 26.1 26.2 26.7 27.2 27.1 26.8 28.6 26.4 27.0 25.7 27.2 Laos 18.1 19.8 22.1 24.5 25.5 25.5 25.4 25.0 24.6 23.2 20.8 18.4 24.0 25.3 22.9 18.1 22.7 Latvia -5.8 -5.4 -1.5 4.8 11.1 15.0 16.6 15.8 11.6 6.6 1.3 -3.2 4.8 15.8 6.5 -4.8 5.6 Lau Group 26.8 27.5 26.8 25.9 25.0 24.2 23.5 22.9 23.6 24.2 25.3 26.1 25.9 23.5 24.4 25.9 25.2 Lebanon 7.7 8.6 10.9 14.8 18.6 22.2 24.5 24.8 22.7 19.0 13.7 9.1 14.7 23.8 18.5 8.2 16.4 Lesotho 17.2 16.3 15.0 11.3 8.2 5.4 5.8 7.8 11.5 13.0 14.3 16.0 11.5 6.3 13.0 15.9 11.8 Liberia 25.2 25.9 26.4 26.4 25.9 25.1 24.1 24.0 24.6 25.0 25.5 25.0 26.2 24.4 25.0 24.5 25.3 Libya 12.4 14.6 17.7 22.0 26.2 29.0 29.1 29.0 27.2 23.1 17.7 13.5 22.0 29.0 22.7 13.0 21.8 Liechtenstein -2.8 -1.8 1.1 4.5 8.6 11.9 14.1 13.6 11.1 7.0 1.5 -1.5 4.7 13.2 6.5 -2.0 5.6 Line Isl 27.1 27.1 27.3 27.5 27.6 27.3 27.2 27.3 27.2 27.3 27.3 27.3 27.5 27.3 27.3 26.2 27.3 Lithuania -5.5 -4.7 -0.7 5.8 12.1 15.5 16.9 16.3 12.1 7.1 1.8 -2.7 5.7 16.2 7.0 -4.3 6.2 Lord Howe Isl 22.3 22.5 21.9 20.2 18.3 16.7 15.6 15.8 16.5 17.8 19.1 20.8 20.1 16.0 17.8 21.1 18.9 Luxembourg 0.3 1.5 4.5 7.7 12.1 15.1 17.0 16.7 13.7 9.8 4.3 1.3 8.1 16.3 9.3 1.0 8.7 Macau 15.1 15.6 18.7 22.6 26.1 27.8 28.8 28.6 27.6 24.8 20.8 16.8 22.5 28.4 24.4 15.3 22.8 Macedonia -1.3 0.9 4.7 9.4 14.1 17.4 19.7 19.6 16.2 10.8 5.2 0.6 9.4 18.9 10.7 0.1 9.8 Macquarie Isl 7.0 7.0 6.4 5.1 3.8 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.6 4.5 6.0 5.1 3.1 3.8 6.5 4.7 Madagascar 24.8 24.9 24.6 23.7 21.9 20.1 19.6 19.9 21.1 22.6 23.8 24.5 23.4 19.9 22.5 23.9 22.6 Madeira 13.7 13.5 13.8 14.1 15.5 17.4 19.4 20.5 20.1 18.5 16.3 14.5 14.5 19.1 18.3 13.4 16.4 Malawi 23.3 23.2 23.1 22.3 20.3 18.5 18.1 19.5 21.9 24.1 24.6 23.9 21.9 18.7 23.6 22.7 21.9 Malaysia 24.8 25.0 25.4 25.8 26.0 25.7 25.5 25.4 25.4 25.3 25.0 24.9 25.8 25.5 25.3 24.1 25.4 Maldives 27.3 27.6 28.0 28.6 28.2 27.8 27.4 27.3 27.2 27.4 27.4 27.3 28.3 27.5 27.3 26.5 27.6 Mali 21.0 23.9 27.1 30.4 33.0 33.5 32.0 30.8 30.7 29.5 25.5 21.5 30.2 32.1 28.6 21.4 28.2 Malta 12.2 12.9 14.1 16.6 20.2 23.9 26.6 27.1 25.0 21.2 17.0 13.5 17.0 25.9 21.0 12.5 19.2 Marianas 26.8 27.1 27.2 27.5 27.6 27.6 27.4 27.2 27.4 27.4 27.6 27.3 27.5 27.4 27.4 26.2 27.3 Marquesas 26.9 27.1 27.2 27.2 26.7 26.2 25.7 25.6 25.8 26.3 26.6 27.0 27.0 25.8 26.2 26.1 26.5 Marshall Isl 27.2 27.3 27.4 27.3 27.5 27.6 27.5 27.6 27.5 27.6 27.5 27.1 27.4 27.6 27.5 26.3 27.4 Martinique 24.1 24.1 24.5 25.1 25.9 26.4 26.2 26.4 26.4 26.0 25.6 24.7 25.2 26.4 26.0 23.5 25.5 Mauritania 20.2 22.6 25.3 27.9 31.3 33.2 33.2 32.2 31.2 29.3 24.9 20.5 28.2 32.9 28.5 20.4 27.6 Mauritius 24.9 25.1 24.9 23.8 22.0 20.4 19.6 19.5 20.2 21.3 22.8 24.1 23.6 19.8 21.4 23.9 22.4 Mexico 15.4 16.7 18.8 21.6 23.6 25.1 25.3 25.1 24.0 21.6 18.4 16.0 21.3 25.2 21.4 15.5 21.0 Moldavia -3.6 -2.1 2.5 10.0 15.9 19.3 20.9 20.4 16.2 10.1 4.2 -0.6 9.5 20.2 10.2 -2.1 9.4 Monaco 6.4 7.1 8.9 11.6 15.0 18.6 21.5 21.5 19.0 15.0 10.4 7.4 11.8 20.5 14.8 6.7 13.5 Mongolia -20.8 -18.0 -9.0 1.5 9.6 15.0 17.1 15.3 9.1 0.6 -10.4 -18.2 0.7 15.8 -0.2 -18.4 -0.7 Montserrat 23.7 23.6 23.9 24.4 25.2 26.0 26.3 26.3 26.2 25.8 25.1 24.2 24.5 26.2 25.7 23.0 25.0 Morocco 9.7 11.2 13.1 14.9 18.3 21.9 25.6 25.5 22.6 18.1 13.7 10.3 15.4 24.3 18.1 10.1 17.1 Mozambique 26.1 26.0 25.6 24.3 22.2 20.2 19.8 21.1 23.2 25.0 25.9 26.0 24.0 20.4 24.7 25.2 23.8 Myanmar 18.3 20.0 22.9 25.4 25.7 25.1 24.8 24.7 24.8 24.0 21.6 18.9 24.7 24.9 23.5 18.4 23.0 Namibia 23.9 23.3 22.4 20.3 17.1 14.6 14.3 16.0 19.2 21.5 22.7 23.7 19.9 15.0 21.1 22.8 19.9 Nauru 27.6 27.6 27.6 27.6 27.8 27.6 27.6 27.6 27.1 27.8 27.7 27.8 27.7 27.6 27.5 26.7 27.6 Nepal -0.4 0.8 4.9 9.0 11.9 14.5 15.0 14.6 13.1 8.8 4.3 1.1 8.6 14.7 8.7 0.5 8.1 New Caledonia 24.9 25.0 24.6 23.2 21.5 20.2 19.1 19.2 19.8 21.3 22.8 24.0 23.1 19.5 21.3 23.8 22.1 New Siberian Isl -39.4 -38.4 -32.4 -22.0 -7.4 4.2 7.5 4.7 -1.4 -16.0 -31.3 -36.8 -20.6 5.5 -16.2 -36.9 -17.4 New Zealand 15.3 15.4 14.1 11.3 8.3 6.1 5.4 6.5 8.2 10.2 12.0 13.9 11.2 6.0 10.1 14.4 10.5 Nicaragua 23.5 24.2 25.2 26.0 26.1 25.3 25.2 25.0 25.0 24.8 24.1 23.7 25.7 25.2 24.6 23.0 24.8 Nicobar Isl 26.5 26.9 27.3 27.9 27.5 27.2 26.8 26.8 26.7 26.8 26.9 26.7 27.6 26.9 26.8 25.8 27.0 Niger 18.8 21.7 25.8 30.1 32.6 32.8 31.2 30.4 30.3 28.3 23.5 19.8 29.5 31.5 27.4 19.5 27.1 Nigeria 24.5 26.9 29.1 29.8 28.9 27.4 25.9 25.4 26.0 26.8 25.9 24.6 29.3 26.2 26.2 24.5 26.8 Niue 25.9 26.0 25.9 25.3 24.1 23.5 22.8 22.8 23.4 23.9 24.5 25.1 25.1 23.0 23.9 24.8 24.4 Norfolk Isl 21.7 22.1 21.7 20.1 18.4 17.0 15.7 15.7 16.1 17.3 18.8 20.3 20.1 16.1 17.4 20.7 18.7 North Korea -12.0 -9.0 -1.9 6.4 12.6 17.0 20.7 20.7 14.9 8.1 -0.5 -8.8 5.7 19.5 7.5 -9.6 5.7 Northern Marianas 26.5 26.3 26.6 27.1 27.6 28.0 27.8 27.6 27.8 27.8 27.6 27.1 27.1 27.8 27.7 25.7 27.3 Norway -7.8 -7.4 -4.5 -0.5 5.2 9.7 11.7 10.8 6.9 2.3 -2.7 -5.8 0.1 10.7 2.2 -6.9 1.5 Novaya Zemlya -25.5 -24.9 -20.3 -16.0 -7.5 1.8 7.8 5.3 0.6 -8.6 -16.9 -21.1 -14.6 4.9 -8.3 -23.0 -10.4 Oman 20.0 20.9 23.6 26.9 29.6 30.1 28.8 27.8 27.5 26.4 24.0 21.4 26.7 28.9 26.0 20.1 25.6 Pakistan 8.9 11.1 16.3 21.9 26.1 29.1 28.7 27.6 25.4 21.1 15.5 10.6 21.4 28.5 20.7 9.9 20.2 Palau Isl 27.3 27.2 27.3 27.9 27.9 27.6 27.3 27.5 27.7 27.7 27.9 27.6 27.7 27.5 27.8 26.4 27.6 Panama 25.0 25.4 26.2 26.4 26.1 25.4 25.7 25.3 25.0 24.9 24.6 24.6 26.3 25.5 24.8 24.1 25.4 Papua New Guinea 25.6 25.5 25.5 25.4 25.2 24.7 24.4 24.5 24.9 25.5 25.7 25.7 25.4 24.5 25.4 24.8 25.2 Paracel Isl 23.0 23.6 25.4 27.4 28.7 28.9 28.8 28.4 27.8 26.8 25.6 23.8 27.2 28.7 26.7 22.7 26.5 Paraguay 27.6 27.0 25.9 23.2 20.5 18.5 18.7 20.5 22.4 24.7 26.1 27.2 23.2 19.2 24.4 26.4 23.5 Peru 20.3 20.4 20.2 19.9 19.4 18.5 18.1 18.7 19.3 19.8 20.1 20.2 19.8 18.4 19.7 19.6 19.6 Philippines 24.5 24.7 25.5 26.6 27.0 26.5 26.1 26.1 26.1 25.8 25.5 25.0 26.4 26.2 25.8 23.9 25.8 Phoenix Isl 27.6 27.7 28.0 28.1 28.1 27.9 27.7 27.8 28.0 28.0 27.9 27.8 28.0 27.8 28.0 26.8 27.9 Poland -2.9 -1.5 2.6 7.4 12.9 15.9 17.5 17.1 13.4 8.7 3.4 -0.6 7.6 16.9 8.5 -1.7 7.8 Portugal 9.1 9.9 11.5 13.1 16.0 19.3 22.0 22.1 20.4 16.6 12.2 9.4 13.5 21.1 16.4 9.2 15.1 Prince Edward Isl 6.0 6.4 6.1 4.8 3.7 3.0 2.4 1.9 2.3 3.1 4.2 5.2 4.8 2.4 3.2 5.7 4.1 Puerto Rica 23.3 23.4 23.8 24.7 25.6 26.2 26.4 26.6 26.6 26.1 25.4 24.2 24.7 26.4 26.0 22.9 25.2 Qatar 17.0 18.5 22.1 26.6 31.9 34.3 35.7 35.2 32.8 29.0 23.9 18.9 26.9 35.0 28.6 17.5 27.2 Reunion 22.7 22.8 22.6 21.5 19.6 18.0 17.3 17.2 17.9 19.3 20.7 22.1 21.2 17.5 19.3 21.8 20.1 Rodrigues Isl 26.1 26.4 26.3 25.7 24.2 22.6 21.7 21.4 22.1 22.9 24.1 25.4 25.4 21.9 23.0 25.1 24.1 Romania -3.7 -1.5 3.2 9.2 14.4 17.6 19.2 18.8 15.1 9.7 4.1 -0.9 9.0 18.5 9.6 -2.0 8.8 Russia -25.2 -23.1 -15.1 -5.2 4.0 11.6 15.1 12.6 6.3 -4.0 -15.8 -22.4 -5.4 13.1 -4.5 -22.8 -5.1 Rwanda 18.0 18.1 18.2 17.9 17.8 17.5 17.4 18.0 18.1 18.0 17.6 17.7 18.0 17.6 17.9 17.3 17.9 Ryukyu Isl 15.3 15.6 17.4 20.5 23.2 25.9 28.0 27.8 26.6 23.8 20.6 17.2 20.4 27.2 23.7 15.5 21.8 Samoa 27.2 27.2 27.2 27.2 26.7 26.3 26.0 25.8 26.2 26.4 26.8 27.0 27.0 26.0 26.5 26.2 26.7 San Marino 2.9 4.4 6.7 10.1 14.7 18.7 21.2 20.9 17.5 12.7 8.2 4.0 10.5 20.3 12.8 3.6 11.8 Sao Tome + Principe 24.5 25.0 25.1 24.8 24.4 23.0 22.1 22.1 22.8 23.3 23.8 24.1 24.8 22.4 23.3 23.7 23.7 Saudi Arabia 15.3 17.0 20.5 24.4 28.9 31.6 32.2 32.2 30.3 25.9 20.8 16.6 24.6 32.0 25.7 15.8 24.6 Senegal 24.2 26.4 28.4 30.0 31.1 30.2 28.4 27.7 27.8 28.6 27.0 24.2 29.8 28.8 27.8 24.1 27.8 Severnaya Zemlya -37.2 -36.4 -32.7 -24.6 -13.5 -1.3 5.3 2.8 -3.3 -16.9 -30.1 -33.1 -23.6 2.2 -16.8 -34.3 -18.4 Seychelles 27.0 27.5 28.0 28.2 27.9 26.8 26.0 26.2 26.5 26.9 27.0 27.0 28.1 26.4 26.8 26.3 27.1 Sierra Leone 25.3 26.9 27.6 27.6 26.9 25.9 24.9 24.8 25.4 25.8 26.0 25.2 27.4 25.2 25.7 24.9 26.0 Singapore 25.8 26.3 26.7 26.9 27.1 26.8 26.4 26.4 26.4 26.4 26.1 25.7 26.9 26.5 26.3 25.1 26.4 Slovakia -4.5 -2.2 1.9 7.0 11.9 14.8 16.3 16.1 12.6 7.9 2.1 -2.5 6.9 15.7 7.5 -3.0 6.8 Slovenia -1.9 0.5 4.3 8.9 13.4 16.6 18.4 18.0 14.8 9.9 4.0 -0.5 8.9 17.7 9.6 -0.6 8.9 Society Isl 25.9 26.1 26.2 26.1 25.3 24.3 23.9 23.7 24.0 24.5 25.2 25.5 25.9 23.9 24.6 25.0 25.1 Socotra 22.0 23.4 25.1 27.5 29.0 29.0 27.6 27.5 27.6 26.0 24.2 22.7 27.2 28.0 26.0 21.9 26.0 Solomon Isl 26.3 25.9 25.9 25.7 25.5 25.2 24.8 24.9 25.5 25.9 26.0 26.2 25.7 25.0 25.8 25.3 25.6 Somalia 25.3 26.1 27.4 28.3 28.4 28.1 27.4 27.4 28.0 27.0 25.9 25.3 28.0 27.7 27.0 24.7 27.1 South Africa 23.2 22.7 21.2 17.9 14.5 11.5 11.4 13.3 16.2 18.4 20.5 22.2 17.9 12.0 18.4 22.0 17.8 South Georgia 3.1 3.5 2.5 0.4 -2.1 -3.2 -3.9 -3.4 -1.8 -0.1 1.0 2.0 0.3 -3.5 -0.3 2.8 -0.2 South Korea -2.1 -0.3 4.6 10.9 15.9 20.0 23.6 24.4 19.6 13.7 6.9 0.8 10.5 22.7 13.4 -0.5 11.5 Spain 6.0 7.1 8.9 10.9 14.5 18.6 22.1 21.9 19.2 14.4 9.4 6.5 11.4 20.9 14.3 6.3 13.3 Sri Lanka 25.2 26.1 27.3 28.0 28.3 27.9 27.5 27.3 27.2 26.7 26.0 25.4 27.9 27.6 26.6 24.7 26.9 St Croix 24.0 24.1 24.4 25.1 25.9 26.6 26.9 27.1 27.1 26.6 25.9 24.8 25.1 26.9 26.5 23.4 25.7 St Helena 19.6 20.4 20.6 19.8 19.0 17.5 16.4 15.8 16.1 16.1 17.1 18.3 19.8 16.6 16.4 18.8 18.1 St Kitts 23.0 23.0 23.2 23.9 24.6 25.3 25.6 25.8 25.7 25.2 24.6 23.6 23.9 25.6 25.1 22.4 24.4 St Lucia 24.1 24.1 24.5 25.1 26.1 26.6 26.3 26.4 26.5 26.0 25.6 24.8 25.2 26.4 26.1 23.5 25.5 St Vincent 25.2 25.2 25.9 26.6 27.7 27.9 27.5 27.6 27.6 27.2 26.8 25.8 26.7 27.7 27.2 24.5 26.7 Sudan 21.9 23.5 26.5 28.8 30.2 30.0 28.8 28.4 28.5 27.9 25.0 22.5 28.5 29.1 27.1 21.9 26.8 Surinam 24.9 25.0 25.3 25.6 25.6 25.5 25.5 26.0 26.4 26.6 26.3 25.4 25.5 25.7 26.4 24.3 25.7 Svalbard -16.5 -16.8 -16.2 -13.1 -5.8 -0.1 3.5 2.7 -1.5 -7.0 -11.5 -15.2 -11.7 2.0 -6.7 -15.6 -8.1 Swan Isl 25.4 25.6 26.5 27.3 28.3 28.5 28.3 28.5 28.4 27.7 26.6 25.9 27.4 28.4 27.6 24.8 27.3 Swaziland 25.2 25.0 24.1 21.7 19.3 16.6 16.9 18.5 20.6 21.6 22.8 24.3 21.7 17.4 21.6 24.0 21.4 Sweden -9.2 -8.3 -4.4 0.7 6.8 12.0 13.8 12.5 8.1 3.3 -3.0 -7.2 1.0 12.8 2.8 -8.1 2.1 Switzerland -2.7 -1.7 0.9 4.2 8.4 11.7 13.9 13.4 10.9 6.7 1.6 -1.5 4.5 13.0 6.4 -1.9 5.5 Syria 6.1 7.9 11.4 16.4 21.5 26.2 29.0 28.7 25.4 19.6 12.7 7.6 16.4 28.0 19.2 6.9 17.7 Tajikistan -11.4 -10.1 -4.1 2.5 6.4 11.1 14.3 13.7 9.3 3.0 -3.2 -8.2 1.6 13.1 3.0 -9.5 2.0 Tanzania 23.1 23.2 23.2 22.7 21.8 20.5 20.2 21.0 22.2 23.4 23.5 23.2 22.6 20.6 23.0 22.4 22.3 Thailand 23.3 25.3 27.3 28.8 28.3 27.5 27.2 26.9 26.8 26.2 24.7 23.0 28.1 27.2 25.9 23.1 26.3 Togo 27.0 28.8 29.5 29.1 28.0 26.4 25.4 25.2 25.7 26.7 27.2 26.8 28.9 25.7 26.5 26.6 27.1 Tokelau Isl 27.8 27.8 28.1 28.3 28.1 27.7 27.6 27.6 27.9 27.9 28.0 27.8 28.2 27.6 27.9 26.9 27.9 Tonga 26.6 26.9 26.6 25.9 25.0 24.5 23.8 23.5 24.0 24.6 25.3 25.9 25.8 23.9 24.6 25.6 25.2 Trinidad and Tobago 24.6 24.7 25.1 25.9 26.4 26.1 26.0 26.2 26.4 26.2 25.8 25.1 25.8 26.1 26.1 24.0 25.7 Tristan da Cunha 15.7 16.2 16.0 14.8 13.3 12.0 11.0 10.7 10.9 11.9 13.5 14.5 14.7 11.2 12.1 15.0 13.4 Tromelin Isl 27.1 27.3 27.1 26.5 25.3 23.9 23.1 22.8 23.3 24.4 25.7 26.8 26.3 23.3 24.5 26.2 25.3 Truk Isl 27.4 27.5 27.6 27.8 27.7 27.9 27.5 27.4 27.6 27.7 27.8 27.7 27.7 27.6 27.7 26.6 27.6 Tuamotu 27.1 27.3 27.5 27.3 26.7 25.8 25.3 25.0 25.3 25.8 26.3 26.8 27.2 25.4 25.8 26.2 26.3 Tubuai Isl 25.0 25.4 25.4 24.5 22.8 21.3 20.7 20.5 20.7 21.6 22.7 23.8 24.2 20.8 21.7 23.9 22.9 Tunisia 10.6 11.9 14.0 17.1 21.2 25.4 28.2 28.3 25.4 20.6 15.5 11.7 17.4 27.3 20.5 11.0 19.2 Turkey -0.2 1.2 4.9 10.1 14.6 18.5 21.7 21.6 18.1 12.7 7.1 2.3 9.9 20.6 12.6 1.1 11.1 Turkmenistan 0.9 2.4 8.4 16.0 22.1 26.8 29.2 27.2 21.7 14.3 8.5 3.4 15.5 27.7 14.8 2.2 15.1 Tuvalu 28.1 28.1 28.1 28.2 28.2 27.9 27.6 27.6 27.8 27.8 28.0 28.1 28.2 27.7 27.9 27.2 28.0 USA -4.0 -1.9 2.3 7.7 13.4 18.2 20.9 20.0 15.8 9.5 2.7 -2.4 7.8 19.7 9.3 -2.7 8.5 Uganda 23.4 23.9 24.0 23.2 22.7 22.2 21.7 21.9 22.3 22.7 22.7 22.8 23.3 21.9 22.6 22.6 22.8 Ukraine -5.0 -3.7 1.1 9.1 15.1 18.5 20.1 19.4 14.9 8.7 2.8 -1.8 8.4 19.4 8.8 -3.4 8.3 United Arab Emirates 18.2 19.3 22.6 26.7 31.0 33.0 34.3 34.0 32.0 28.5 24.0 20.1 26.7 33.7 28.2 18.5 27.0 United Kingdom 3.3 3.3 4.8 6.8 9.8 12.6 14.3 14.2 12.3 9.6 5.8 4.1 7.2 13.7 9.2 3.4 8.4 Uruguay 23.8 23.3 21.2 17.9 14.8 11.8 11.8 12.8 14.3 16.9 19.6 22.2 18.0 12.1 16.9 22.4 17.5 Uzbekistan -3.6 -2.1 4.9 13.7 20.0 25.0 27.4 24.9 19.2 11.2 4.8 -0.5 12.9 25.8 11.7 -2.0 12.1 Vanatu 25.3 25.4 25.2 24.6 23.7 23.1 22.6 22.5 22.7 23.5 24.3 24.8 24.5 22.7 23.5 24.3 24.0 Venezuela 24.9 25.4 26.0 26.1 25.7 24.9 24.7 25.0 25.3 25.5 25.4 24.9 25.9 24.9 25.4 24.2 25.3 Vietnam 19.9 21.0 22.5 25.6 27.1 27.4 27.4 27.1 26.3 24.9 22.9 20.8 25.1 27.3 24.7 19.9 24.4 Virgin Isl 23.8 23.9 24.3 25.0 25.7 26.4 26.7 27.0 27.0 26.5 25.8 24.6 25.0 26.7 26.4 23.3 25.6 Western Sahara 17.6 19.0 20.8 22.0 24.0 26.1 28.7 28.7 27.5 25.0 21.6 17.6 22.3 27.8 24.7 17.4 23.2 Wrangel Isl -25.0 -27.8 -26.2 -20.2 -7.8 0.9 3.9 2.8 -1.4 -10.6 -18.6 -24.4 -18.1 2.5 -10.2 -24.8 -12.9 Yemen 18.9 19.8 21.5 24.2 26.5 28.4 27.7 27.5 26.8 23.7 21.0 19.6 24.0 27.9 23.8 18.8 23.8 Yugoslavia -1.6 0.5 4.6 9.9 14.7 17.9 19.9 19.7 16.1 10.7 5.2 0.8 9.7 19.2 10.6 -0.1 9.9 Zaire 24.1 24.4 24.7 24.6 24.3 23.3 22.8 23.4 24.0 24.2 24.1 23.9 24.5 23.2 24.1 23.3 24.0 Zambia 22.7 22.7 22.7 21.6 19.4 17.2 16.9 19.2 22.6 24.4 24.0 22.9 21.2 17.8 23.7 22.0 21.4 Zimbabwe 23.8 23.4 22.8 21.1 18.4 15.8 15.7 17.9 21.4 23.8 24.2 23.7 20.8 16.5 23.1 22.9 21.0