Monthly, seasonal, and annual climate observations averaged for political units. Time period = 1961-1990 mean Variable = near-surface temperature minimum (degrees Celsius) missing value = -999.0 : format = (a20,12f8.1,5f8.1) * File created and owned by Dr. Tim Mitchell (t.mitchell@uea.ac.uk). Full rights retained. Created at the Tyndall Centre (www.tyndall.ac.uk) on 26.10.2001 at 11:08 The data in this file may be used for non-commercial scientific and educational purposes. Where research using this data is published, the source should be acknowledged as: Mitchell,T.D., Hulme,M., and New,M., 2002: Climate data for political areas. Area 34:109-112. Method: observations made by national meteorological agencies were gridded by New et al. The gridded data were aggregated using political boundaries by Mitchell and Hulme. (New,M.G., Hulme,M., and Jones,P.D., 2000: Representing twentieth-century space-time climate variability. Part II: Development of 1901-1996 monthly grids of terrestrial surface climate. Journal of Climate 13: 2217-2238.) Disclaimer: No responsibility is taken for the accuracy of these data. Disclaimer: No political statement is implied in the selection of these political units. * * AGGREGATION JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC MAM JJA SON DJF ANN Actaeon Group 23.6 24.0 24.0 23.6 22.3 21.2 20.6 20.3 20.4 21.0 22.0 22.9 23.3 20.7 21.1 23.5 22.2 Afghanistan -6.1 -4.1 1.0 6.6 10.6 15.0 17.4 15.7 10.3 4.6 -0.7 -3.9 6.1 16.0 4.7 -4.7 5.5 Albania -1.8 -0.8 1.6 5.2 9.2 12.0 14.3 14.2 11.4 7.2 3.4 -0.1 5.3 13.5 7.3 -0.9 6.3 Aldabra Isl 24.9 25.2 25.2 25.2 24.6 23.2 22.5 22.1 22.6 23.6 24.4 24.4 25.0 22.6 23.5 24.8 24.0 Aleutians -4.3 -5.5 -4.7 -2.6 1.1 4.2 7.4 8.3 6.2 2.1 -1.4 -3.6 -2.1 6.6 2.3 -4.5 0.6 Algeria 5.3 7.6 10.6 14.5 19.0 23.2 24.9 24.5 21.7 16.4 10.6 6.2 14.7 24.2 16.2 6.4 15.4 Amsterdam Isl 14.1 14.3 13.3 12.2 10.5 8.9 8.4 8.1 8.8 9.7 11.1 13.1 12.0 8.5 9.9 13.8 11.0 Andaman Isl 21.9 21.7 22.4 24.0 24.3 24.1 23.9 23.8 23.5 23.4 23.4 22.8 23.6 23.9 23.4 22.1 23.3 Andorra -3.5 -3.1 -1.6 0.7 4.2 7.7 10.4 10.3 8.2 4.4 -0.3 -2.6 1.1 9.5 4.1 -3.1 2.9 Angola 17.1 17.2 17.2 16.2 13.4 10.3 9.7 11.7 14.5 16.4 16.8 17.1 15.6 10.5 15.9 17.1 14.8 Anguilla 20.3 20.3 20.6 21.0 21.7 22.6 22.7 23.0 23.0 22.5 22.0 21.1 21.1 22.8 22.5 20.6 21.7 Antigua 21.1 20.9 21.3 21.7 22.7 23.5 23.6 23.7 23.5 23.1 22.7 21.7 21.9 23.6 23.1 21.2 22.5 Antipodes Isl 6.9 6.6 5.2 3.3 1.6 0.6 0.0 -0.2 0.2 1.5 3.6 6.2 3.4 0.1 1.8 6.6 3.0 Argentina 14.4 13.7 11.6 8.3 5.3 2.6 2.0 3.0 5.3 8.4 11.1 13.4 8.4 2.6 8.2 13.8 8.2 Armenia -12.0 -10.2 -4.8 1.4 5.9 9.5 13.4 12.8 8.4 2.3 -2.8 -8.2 0.8 11.9 2.6 -10.1 1.3 Ascension 24.5 25.3 25.7 25.7 25.1 24.0 23.6 22.9 22.6 22.6 23.0 23.7 25.5 23.5 22.7 24.5 24.1 Auckland Isl 7.0 7.2 6.8 5.5 3.9 2.6 2.5 2.8 3.2 3.8 4.6 6.1 5.4 2.6 3.8 6.8 4.6 Australia 21.0 20.7 19.0 15.5 11.9 8.9 7.7 9.0 11.8 15.3 18.0 19.9 15.5 8.5 15.0 20.5 14.9 Austria -6.4 -5.2 -2.5 1.2 5.6 8.9 10.6 10.5 7.8 3.6 -1.3 -4.9 1.4 10.0 3.4 -5.5 2.3 Azerbaijan -4.6 -3.7 -0.1 5.6 10.6 15.0 18.1 17.5 13.5 7.5 2.8 -2.1 5.3 16.9 7.9 -3.5 6.7 Azores 11.1 10.5 11.0 11.6 12.9 14.8 16.7 17.9 17.3 15.4 13.7 12.0 11.8 16.5 15.5 11.2 13.7 Bahamas 16.1 16.2 17.2 18.5 20.6 22.3 22.8 22.8 22.6 21.5 19.2 17.2 18.8 22.6 21.1 16.5 19.8 Bahrain 10.3 12.2 15.8 20.2 25.3 27.7 29.8 29.1 25.9 21.5 16.4 12.3 20.4 28.9 21.3 11.6 20.5 Banaba 24.7 24.9 25.0 24.7 25.2 24.9 25.0 24.8 24.1 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 24.9 24.7 24.9 24.9 Bangladesh 12.2 14.2 18.7 22.2 23.6 24.7 24.9 24.9 24.7 22.9 18.4 13.7 21.5 24.8 22.0 13.4 20.4 Barbados 21.2 21.2 21.3 22.0 22.8 23.2 23.1 23.1 23.1 22.9 22.8 22.1 22.0 23.2 22.9 21.5 22.4 Barbuda 21.2 21.1 21.4 21.7 22.5 23.1 23.4 23.5 23.5 23.1 22.8 21.9 21.9 23.3 23.1 21.4 22.4 Bassas da India 23.4 23.4 22.8 21.0 18.3 16.2 15.8 16.4 18.0 19.6 21.1 22.6 20.7 16.1 19.6 23.1 19.9 Belarus -10.0 -9.1 -4.6 2.1 7.8 11.2 12.5 11.5 7.5 3.1 -1.3 -6.3 1.8 11.7 3.1 -8.5 2.0 Belgium -0.6 -0.6 1.4 3.5 7.6 10.5 12.3 12.2 9.8 6.8 2.8 0.5 4.2 11.7 6.5 -0.2 5.5 Belize 18.5 18.7 20.1 21.3 22.4 22.9 22.6 22.6 22.5 21.6 19.9 19.1 21.3 22.7 21.3 18.8 21.0 Benin 18.9 21.3 23.6 24.6 23.9 22.6 21.9 21.7 21.5 21.7 20.0 18.8 24.0 22.1 21.0 19.7 21.7 Bermuda 12.7 12.6 12.7 13.5 16.2 19.0 21.1 21.8 21.3 19.0 16.0 13.9 14.1 20.6 18.8 13.1 16.6 Bhutan -8.7 -6.6 -2.5 1.2 4.8 8.5 9.6 9.2 7.5 2.1 -3.4 -7.2 1.2 9.1 2.1 -7.5 1.2 Bioko 20.1 20.8 21.1 20.8 20.8 20.4 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.5 20.1 20.9 20.2 20.3 20.3 20.4 Bolivia 17.7 17.7 17.2 15.5 13.4 11.5 11.1 12.4 14.7 16.3 17.1 17.6 15.4 11.7 16.0 17.7 15.2 Bonin Isl 11.8 11.6 13.0 16.3 18.9 21.8 24.0 24.6 23.6 20.9 17.7 14.0 16.1 23.5 20.8 12.5 18.2 Bosnia-Herzegovinia -4.1 -2.7 0.3 4.4 8.6 11.8 13.4 13.1 10.0 5.7 1.7 -1.8 4.4 12.7 5.8 -2.9 5.0 Botswana 19.6 19.0 17.6 14.1 8.9 5.4 5.0 7.8 12.4 16.4 18.3 19.0 13.5 6.0 15.7 19.2 13.6 Brazil 20.8 20.9 20.8 20.3 19.2 17.8 17.3 18.1 19.3 20.1 20.6 20.8 20.1 17.7 20.0 20.8 19.7 Brunei 22.7 22.6 22.8 23.2 23.4 23.2 22.9 23.0 23.0 22.8 22.7 22.7 23.2 23.0 22.8 22.7 22.9 Bulgaria -4.5 -2.8 0.1 4.9 9.6 13.0 14.9 14.5 10.9 6.4 2.0 -2.0 4.9 14.1 6.4 -3.1 5.6 Burkina Faso 16.3 19.3 22.8 25.5 25.6 24.0 22.4 22.0 22.0 22.2 19.2 16.8 24.6 22.8 21.2 17.5 21.5 Burundi 14.1 14.1 14.3 14.5 14.0 12.5 12.1 13.1 13.9 14.2 14.2 14.2 14.3 12.6 14.1 14.1 13.8 Cabinda 22.4 22.7 22.8 22.9 22.4 19.4 18.1 18.5 20.4 22.1 22.5 22.4 22.7 18.6 21.7 22.5 21.4 Cambodia 19.1 20.8 21.8 23.7 23.9 23.7 23.6 23.6 23.4 22.9 21.7 19.8 23.1 23.6 22.7 19.9 22.3 Cameroon 17.0 18.5 20.2 20.9 20.4 19.7 19.3 19.3 19.2 19.1 18.1 16.9 20.5 19.5 18.8 17.4 19.1 Campbell Isl 5.7 5.8 5.4 4.1 2.8 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.3 3.1 4.8 4.1 1.8 2.4 5.4 3.4 Canada -27.5 -26.4 -21.8 -12.9 -3.8 3.2 6.9 5.8 0.7 -6.1 -16.0 -23.9 -12.8 5.3 -7.1 -25.9 -10.1 Canary Isl 11.0 11.2 12.0 12.2 13.5 15.4 17.7 18.5 18.0 16.1 14.2 12.0 12.6 17.2 16.1 11.4 14.3 Cape Verde Isl 17.3 17.0 17.5 18.1 18.9 20.0 21.2 22.3 22.4 21.7 20.3 18.6 18.1 21.2 21.5 17.6 19.6 Caroline Isl 24.5 24.5 24.6 24.5 24.5 24.2 23.8 23.9 23.8 23.9 24.1 24.4 24.5 24.0 23.9 24.5 24.2 Central African Rep 15.7 17.2 19.6 20.6 20.3 19.5 19.1 19.0 18.7 18.5 16.7 15.2 20.2 19.2 18.0 16.0 18.3 Chad 11.6 13.7 17.5 20.9 23.0 23.3 22.6 22.1 21.6 19.4 15.2 12.4 20.5 22.6 18.7 12.6 18.6 Chagos Archipelago 25.1 25.4 25.8 26.1 25.5 24.7 24.1 24.1 24.3 24.6 25.0 25.4 25.8 24.3 24.6 25.3 25.0 Chile 7.5 7.0 5.9 3.8 2.0 0.3 0.0 0.4 1.5 3.0 4.8 6.5 3.9 0.2 3.1 7.0 3.5 China -13.7 -11.2 -5.1 1.7 7.2 11.5 14.1 13.2 8.5 1.9 -5.7 -11.6 1.2 12.9 1.6 -12.2 0.9 Christmas Isl 21.1 21.3 21.2 21.1 20.3 19.6 18.8 18.8 19.4 20.2 20.7 20.9 20.9 19.1 20.1 21.1 20.3 Cocos Isl 24.3 24.5 24.7 24.7 24.4 23.7 23.3 23.2 23.2 23.6 23.9 24.1 24.6 23.4 23.6 24.3 24.0 Colombia 19.2 19.6 20.0 20.1 19.9 19.6 19.3 19.3 19.4 19.6 19.8 19.5 20.0 19.4 19.6 19.4 19.6 Comoros 23.2 23.2 23.1 22.8 21.7 19.9 19.2 19.4 20.0 21.5 22.6 23.1 22.5 19.5 21.4 23.2 21.6 Congo 19.9 20.1 20.5 20.6 20.5 19.3 18.7 19.0 19.5 20.0 20.0 19.9 20.5 19.0 19.8 19.9 19.8 Cook Isl 23.4 23.6 23.4 22.7 21.6 20.4 19.8 19.8 20.0 20.8 21.8 22.4 22.6 20.0 20.9 23.2 21.7 Costa Rica 18.8 19.0 19.8 20.4 20.4 20.0 20.2 19.8 19.6 19.5 19.3 18.8 20.2 20.0 19.5 18.9 19.6 Croatia -2.6 -1.1 1.6 5.4 9.4 12.7 14.4 14.1 11.2 7.0 2.8 -1.0 5.5 13.7 7.0 -1.6 6.2 Crozet Isl 5.0 5.6 5.5 4.5 3.0 2.0 1.8 1.1 1.0 1.7 2.3 3.7 4.3 1.6 1.7 4.7 3.1 Cuba 17.3 17.4 18.5 19.5 21.2 22.5 22.7 22.7 22.4 21.8 20.1 18.4 19.7 22.6 21.4 17.7 20.4 Curacao Isl 22.2 22.3 22.7 23.6 24.5 25.0 24.9 24.9 25.0 24.6 24.0 22.9 23.6 24.9 24.6 22.5 23.9 Cyprus 5.8 6.1 7.7 11.0 14.5 18.6 21.3 21.2 18.7 14.8 10.6 7.3 11.1 20.4 14.7 6.4 13.1 Czech Republic -5.6 -4.3 -1.4 2.5 6.9 10.1 11.5 11.4 8.5 4.3 0.0 -3.6 2.7 11.0 4.3 -4.5 3.3 Denmark -3.2 -3.3 -1.1 2.0 6.6 10.5 12.2 11.9 9.3 6.1 1.9 -1.6 2.5 11.5 5.7 -2.7 4.3 Djibouti 18.5 19.9 21.5 23.2 24.6 26.2 26.9 26.4 25.4 22.5 20.2 18.7 23.1 26.5 22.7 19.0 22.8 Dominica 17.5 17.3 17.5 17.9 19.2 20.2 20.0 20.1 19.8 19.5 19.0 18.2 18.2 20.1 19.4 17.7 18.9 Dominican Republic 17.6 17.7 18.6 19.7 20.5 21.1 21.1 21.6 21.3 20.8 19.9 18.5 19.6 21.3 20.7 18.0 19.9 Ducie Isl 20.2 20.9 20.6 19.5 18.2 17.0 16.4 15.9 16.2 17.0 18.0 19.3 19.4 16.4 17.1 20.1 18.3 Easter Isl 20.0 20.4 19.9 18.8 17.7 16.4 15.8 15.6 15.9 16.4 17.6 18.8 18.8 15.9 16.6 19.7 17.8 Ecuador 16.0 16.4 16.4 16.5 16.1 15.4 14.8 14.7 14.9 15.3 15.2 15.6 16.3 15.0 15.2 16.0 15.6 Egypt 6.0 7.2 10.2 14.5 18.4 21.0 22.0 22.0 20.3 17.0 11.8 7.5 14.4 21.7 16.4 6.9 14.8 El Salvador 16.6 16.8 18.1 19.3 19.9 19.4 19.3 19.2 19.1 18.8 17.7 16.9 19.1 19.3 18.5 16.8 18.4 Equatorial Guinea 21.0 21.0 20.9 20.8 20.9 20.5 19.6 19.8 20.3 20.4 20.7 20.7 20.9 20.0 20.5 20.9 20.6 Eritrea 15.2 16.1 17.8 19.6 21.1 21.6 21.6 21.1 20.3 19.4 17.6 15.8 19.5 21.4 19.1 15.7 18.9 Estonia -9.2 -9.3 -5.7 -0.1 5.2 9.8 12.0 11.4 7.5 3.5 -1.2 -6.1 -0.2 11.1 3.2 -8.2 1.5 Ethiopia 13.1 14.4 16.0 16.8 17.0 17.0 16.7 16.4 16.3 15.3 13.8 12.8 16.6 16.7 15.1 13.4 15.5 Faeroes 0.7 0.7 0.9 2.1 4.3 6.6 7.8 8.0 6.7 5.0 2.2 1.1 2.4 7.5 4.6 0.8 3.8 Falkland Isl 5.1 5.4 4.5 2.7 0.7 -0.5 -1.2 -1.0 -0.2 1.5 2.7 4.4 2.6 -0.9 1.3 5.0 2.0 Fernando de Noronha 23.8 23.8 23.6 23.7 23.5 23.1 22.5 22.7 22.7 23.1 23.5 23.7 23.6 22.8 23.1 23.8 23.3 Fiji 22.3 22.6 22.6 22.0 20.8 20.0 19.1 19.1 19.5 20.3 21.1 21.7 21.8 19.4 20.3 22.2 20.9 Finland -15.3 -14.6 -10.2 -4.0 2.2 7.8 10.4 8.9 4.6 -0.1 -6.3 -12.3 -4.0 9.0 -0.6 -14.1 -2.4 France 0.5 1.0 2.5 4.7 8.1 11.2 13.3 13.1 11.0 7.8 3.7 1.2 5.1 12.5 7.5 0.9 6.5 Franz Joseph Land -31.6 -31.0 -29.3 -24.8 -13.5 -4.8 -1.0 -1.8 -4.8 -13.9 -23.1 -27.6 -22.6 -2.6 -13.9 -30.1 -17.3 French Guiana 21.6 21.4 21.7 22.0 21.9 21.5 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5 21.7 21.7 21.9 21.3 21.5 21.6 21.6 Gabon 21.7 21.4 21.5 21.5 21.5 20.3 19.3 19.7 20.6 21.1 21.0 21.1 21.5 19.8 20.9 21.4 20.9 Galapagos Isl 18.7 19.1 19.0 19.1 18.4 17.6 16.6 16.0 15.8 16.0 16.7 17.5 18.8 16.7 16.2 18.4 17.5 Gambia 15.3 17.5 19.1 20.8 22.6 23.5 23.3 23.0 22.5 22.3 19.4 15.8 20.8 23.2 21.4 16.2 20.4 Georgia -11.5 -10.3 -5.9 0.4 5.0 8.1 11.2 10.6 6.7 1.3 -3.2 -8.1 -0.1 10.0 1.6 -9.9 0.4 Germany -3.0 -2.5 0.0 3.0 7.3 10.6 12.3 12.0 9.3 5.7 1.6 -1.5 3.4 11.7 5.5 -2.4 4.6 Ghana 20.2 22.6 23.7 24.0 23.4 22.5 22.0 21.8 21.8 22.0 21.3 20.2 23.7 22.1 21.7 21.0 22.1 Gibraltar 8.5 8.7 9.8 11.2 13.6 16.4 18.8 19.4 18.2 15.0 11.3 9.1 11.5 18.2 14.8 8.8 13.3 Gough Isl 11.1 11.8 11.4 10.3 8.9 7.6 6.5 6.4 6.6 7.9 9.3 10.4 10.2 6.8 7.9 11.1 9.0 Grand Cayman 20.9 21.1 21.7 22.0 23.5 24.7 24.7 24.5 24.3 24.2 23.0 22.1 22.4 24.6 23.8 21.4 23.1 Greece 3.2 3.9 5.5 8.4 12.2 16.1 18.6 18.4 15.5 11.6 8.0 4.9 8.7 17.7 11.7 4.0 10.5 Greenland -32.0 -32.8 -34.0 -26.9 -17.2 -10.6 -7.1 -9.9 -17.5 -22.5 -29.9 -30.5 -26.0 -9.2 -23.3 -31.7 -22.6 Grenada 21.3 21.2 21.8 22.5 23.6 23.9 23.7 23.7 23.5 23.2 22.9 22.2 22.6 23.8 23.2 21.6 22.8 Guadalupe 9.9 10.0 10.0 10.1 10.5 10.8 12.7 14.0 14.2 13.2 11.9 10.4 10.2 12.5 13.1 10.1 11.5 Guadeloupe 20.7 20.6 20.9 21.6 22.7 23.7 23.8 23.7 23.3 23.0 22.4 21.4 21.7 23.7 22.9 20.9 22.3 Guatemala 15.8 16.0 17.3 18.6 19.7 19.9 19.5 19.3 19.3 18.8 17.4 16.4 18.5 19.6 18.5 16.1 18.2 Guinea 16.5 18.5 20.6 21.9 22.0 20.8 20.2 20.2 20.1 20.0 18.6 16.1 21.5 20.4 19.6 17.0 19.6 Guinea-Bissau 16.8 18.5 20.3 21.8 23.0 22.9 22.6 22.5 22.4 22.3 20.7 17.2 21.7 22.7 21.8 17.5 20.9 Guyana 21.2 21.1 21.5 21.9 22.0 21.8 21.4 21.5 21.6 21.8 21.8 21.6 21.8 21.6 21.7 21.3 21.6 Haiti 17.8 18.0 18.8 19.8 20.8 21.4 21.5 21.6 21.6 21.1 20.1 18.6 19.8 21.5 20.9 18.1 20.1 Hawaii 16.3 16.1 16.7 17.4 18.3 19.3 19.9 20.1 19.8 19.3 18.4 17.1 17.5 19.7 19.2 16.5 18.2 Heard Isl 3.6 3.0 1.2 -0.9 -2.6 -3.4 -4.2 -4.3 -4.2 -2.6 0.1 2.5 -0.8 -4.0 -2.2 3.0 -1.0 Henderson Isl 22.4 22.9 22.8 22.0 20.6 19.5 18.9 18.4 18.7 19.3 20.5 21.5 21.8 18.9 19.5 22.3 20.6 Holland -0.3 -0.4 1.4 3.2 7.2 10.1 12.0 11.9 9.8 6.9 3.3 1.2 3.9 11.3 6.6 0.2 5.5 Honduras 16.9 17.0 18.0 19.1 20.1 20.3 20.0 20.0 20.0 19.3 18.4 17.6 19.1 20.1 19.2 17.2 18.9 Hong Kong 11.6 12.3 15.5 19.5 22.9 24.6 25.2 25.1 24.0 21.1 16.9 12.8 19.3 25.0 20.7 12.2 19.3 Hungary -5.6 -3.2 0.2 4.8 9.4 12.4 13.7 13.3 9.9 5.1 1.1 -3.1 4.8 13.1 5.4 -4.0 4.8 Iceland -5.8 -5.2 -5.4 -2.9 0.5 3.7 5.6 5.1 2.1 -0.7 -4.4 -5.8 -2.6 4.8 -1.0 -5.6 -1.1 India 9.8 11.9 16.0 20.1 22.6 23.4 22.6 22.2 21.3 18.4 13.9 10.5 19.6 22.7 17.9 10.7 17.7 Indonesia 21.3 21.2 21.4 21.5 21.4 20.9 20.5 20.5 20.7 21.1 21.4 21.4 21.4 20.6 21.1 21.3 21.1 Iran -1.0 0.8 5.4 10.4 14.9 18.8 21.2 19.6 15.3 10.2 4.9 0.8 10.3 19.9 10.2 0.2 10.1 Iraq 3.0 4.9 8.5 13.5 18.7 22.3 24.6 23.9 20.2 15.3 9.1 4.6 13.6 23.6 14.9 4.1 14.1 Ireland 2.1 2.0 2.8 4.0 6.2 9.0 10.8 10.6 9.0 7.1 3.9 3.0 4.3 10.1 6.7 2.4 5.9 Isl Glorieuses 24.4 24.6 24.7 24.4 23.8 21.8 21.1 20.9 21.9 23.7 24.5 24.4 24.3 21.3 23.4 24.5 23.3 Isl Wallis 24.4 23.9 24.4 24.2 24.2 24.2 23.6 23.3 23.6 23.5 24.0 24.0 24.3 23.7 23.7 24.1 23.9 Isl da Trindade 24.0 24.0 24.2 23.5 22.7 21.5 20.8 20.4 20.6 21.8 22.1 23.6 23.4 20.9 21.5 23.8 22.4 Isl de Horn 24.4 24.2 24.6 24.2 24.1 23.9 23.0 22.8 23.1 23.3 23.7 23.9 24.3 23.2 23.4 24.2 23.8 Isl de Providencia 23.3 23.3 23.9 24.6 25.1 24.6 24.8 24.6 24.2 23.9 23.7 23.6 24.5 24.7 23.9 23.4 24.1 Isl de San Andres 23.1 23.2 23.8 24.4 24.7 24.3 24.5 24.2 24.0 23.7 23.6 23.3 24.3 24.3 23.8 23.2 23.9 Isl de la Bahia 21.1 21.1 22.0 23.2 24.1 24.6 24.1 24.1 24.1 23.4 22.3 21.7 23.1 24.3 23.3 21.3 23.0 Israel 6.5 7.0 8.7 11.8 14.7 17.9 20.1 20.4 18.8 15.7 11.4 8.0 11.7 19.5 15.3 7.2 13.4 Italy 2.6 3.1 4.7 7.3 11.0 14.6 17.2 17.3 14.8 11.0 7.0 3.7 7.6 16.3 10.9 3.2 9.5 Ivory Coast 18.9 21.3 22.4 22.7 22.3 21.6 21.1 21.0 21.1 21.2 20.7 19.1 22.5 21.3 21.0 19.8 21.1 Jamaica 18.5 18.7 19.5 20.2 21.2 21.9 21.7 22.0 21.7 21.4 20.6 19.6 20.3 21.9 21.2 18.9 20.6 Jan Mayen -9.2 -9.6 -9.7 -7.3 -3.5 -0.6 1.6 2.3 0.2 -3.1 -6.7 -8.7 -6.8 1.1 -3.2 -9.2 -4.5 Japan -4.2 -4.0 -0.9 4.7 9.4 14.1 18.4 19.5 15.6 9.1 3.6 -1.4 4.4 17.3 9.4 -3.2 7.0 Jordan 2.7 3.9 6.5 10.4 14.1 17.1 18.9 18.8 16.8 13.1 8.0 4.0 10.4 18.3 12.6 3.6 11.2 Juan Fernandez Isl 14.9 15.0 14.6 13.7 12.9 11.5 10.7 10.3 10.1 10.8 12.1 13.7 13.7 10.8 11.0 14.5 12.5 Kara Sea Isl -31.3 -31.0 -30.3 -24.3 -13.0 -3.5 -1.2 -1.2 -3.6 -13.4 -24.1 -27.7 -22.5 -2.0 -13.7 -30.0 -17.0 Kazakhstan -16.5 -16.4 -8.5 2.5 9.3 14.2 16.8 14.2 8.4 0.9 -5.8 -12.3 1.1 15.1 1.2 -15.1 0.6 Kenya 18.6 19.2 19.9 20.2 19.5 18.2 17.8 18.0 18.2 19.2 19.3 18.8 19.9 18.0 18.9 18.8 18.9 Kerguelen Isl 3.3 3.4 2.5 1.3 -0.5 -1.8 -2.2 -2.3 -2.1 -1.1 0.6 2.3 1.1 -2.1 -0.9 3.0 0.3 Kiribati 25.2 25.4 25.4 25.2 25.6 25.4 25.1 25.1 25.1 25.1 25.4 25.4 25.4 25.2 25.2 25.3 25.3 Komandorskiye Isl -8.7 -8.7 -8.0 -5.3 -1.3 2.1 5.9 7.7 5.5 1.3 -4.1 -7.2 -4.9 5.2 0.9 -8.2 -1.8 Kuril Isl -9.6 -10.8 -7.5 -2.4 1.0 4.0 7.9 10.4 8.4 4.0 -1.3 -5.8 -3.0 7.4 3.7 -8.7 -0.1 Kuwait 7.5 9.3 13.3 18.0 23.6 26.9 28.7 28.0 24.6 19.8 14.0 8.9 18.3 27.8 19.5 8.6 18.5 Kyrgyzstan -19.3 -17.6 -9.8 -2.1 1.9 5.3 7.6 6.6 2.0 -3.8 -10.3 -15.7 -3.3 6.5 -4.0 -17.5 -4.6 La Tortuga Isl 21.0 21.2 22.0 22.9 23.8 23.8 23.6 23.6 23.6 23.4 22.8 21.9 22.9 23.7 23.3 21.4 22.8 Laccadive Isl 21.3 22.0 23.7 24.9 25.2 24.2 23.7 23.7 23.8 23.7 22.9 22.1 24.6 23.9 23.5 21.8 23.4 Laos 12.4 14.0 16.2 19.2 21.1 21.9 21.9 21.6 20.8 19.1 16.3 13.3 18.8 21.8 18.7 13.3 18.2 Latvia -8.6 -8.4 -4.9 0.6 6.0 10.0 12.0 11.4 7.6 3.6 -0.9 -5.8 0.6 11.1 3.4 -7.6 1.9 Lau Group 24.2 24.6 24.0 23.4 22.6 21.9 20.8 20.5 20.9 21.7 22.7 23.4 23.3 21.0 21.7 24.1 22.5 Lebanon 3.5 4.0 5.8 9.1 12.2 15.7 18.0 18.3 16.2 12.8 8.3 4.8 9.1 17.3 12.4 4.1 10.7 Lesotho 10.9 10.3 9.2 5.2 1.5 -1.8 -1.6 0.4 4.3 6.4 8.0 9.5 5.3 -1.0 6.2 10.2 5.2 Liberia 18.9 19.7 20.4 20.6 20.6 20.4 19.7 19.6 20.0 20.1 20.2 19.3 20.5 19.9 20.1 19.3 20.0 Libya 5.5 7.4 10.0 14.1 18.3 21.0 21.6 21.6 19.9 15.8 10.7 7.0 14.2 21.4 15.5 6.6 14.4 Liechtenstein -5.5 -4.7 -2.4 0.6 4.7 7.9 9.9 9.7 7.3 3.8 -1.3 -4.1 1.0 9.2 3.3 -4.8 2.2 Line Isl 24.2 24.2 24.4 24.4 24.4 24.2 23.9 23.9 23.8 23.8 23.9 24.2 24.4 24.0 23.8 24.2 24.1 Lithuania -8.3 -7.8 -4.2 1.4 6.7 10.3 11.9 11.4 7.8 3.8 -0.5 -5.2 1.3 11.2 3.7 -7.1 2.3 Lord Howe Isl 20.2 20.4 19.8 18.0 16.2 14.5 13.3 13.4 14.2 15.6 16.9 18.6 18.0 13.7 15.5 19.7 16.7 Luxembourg -2.2 -1.9 0.4 2.9 6.7 9.8 11.6 11.3 8.7 5.6 1.4 -1.1 3.3 10.9 5.2 -1.8 4.4 Macau 11.6 12.5 15.7 19.6 23.1 24.9 25.5 25.3 24.3 21.3 17.1 12.9 19.5 25.2 20.9 12.3 19.5 Macedonia -4.9 -3.2 -0.1 4.0 8.3 11.2 13.1 12.9 9.8 5.3 1.0 -3.0 4.1 12.4 5.4 -3.7 4.5 Macquarie Isl 5.2 5.3 4.6 3.4 2.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.6 2.5 4.2 3.4 1.3 1.8 4.9 2.8 Madagascar 20.8 20.8 20.4 19.2 17.1 15.1 14.6 14.8 15.8 17.6 19.2 20.3 18.9 14.8 17.5 20.6 18.0 Madeira 10.8 10.5 10.7 11.2 12.4 14.5 16.3 17.1 16.8 15.3 13.3 11.6 11.4 16.0 15.1 11.0 13.4 Malawi 19.1 19.0 18.6 17.5 14.9 12.5 12.1 13.3 15.5 18.1 19.3 19.4 17.0 12.6 17.6 19.1 16.6 Malaysia 21.0 20.9 21.2 21.5 21.7 21.3 21.1 21.0 21.1 21.0 21.0 21.1 21.5 21.1 21.0 21.0 21.2 Maldives 24.2 24.6 25.0 25.7 25.6 25.3 24.9 24.8 24.5 24.6 24.4 24.3 25.4 25.0 24.5 24.4 24.8 Mali 13.0 15.6 19.0 22.6 25.7 26.7 25.7 24.8 24.4 22.4 17.7 13.7 22.4 25.7 21.5 14.1 20.9 Malta 9.0 9.3 10.4 12.6 15.8 19.3 21.7 22.5 20.8 17.4 13.6 10.3 12.9 21.1 17.2 9.5 15.2 Marianas 23.8 24.0 23.9 24.2 24.3 24.3 24.1 23.9 24.1 24.0 24.2 24.1 24.2 24.1 24.1 23.9 24.1 Marquesas 23.2 23.5 23.8 23.9 23.3 23.2 22.7 22.5 22.4 22.6 22.8 23.2 23.7 22.8 22.6 23.3 23.1 Marshall Isl 24.7 24.8 24.8 24.7 24.8 24.8 24.7 24.8 24.7 24.8 24.7 24.6 24.8 24.8 24.7 24.7 24.7 Martinique 20.7 20.7 21.1 21.7 22.7 23.4 23.2 23.3 23.0 22.6 22.4 21.5 21.8 23.3 22.7 21.0 22.2 Mauritania 12.6 14.7 17.3 20.0 23.5 25.6 25.9 25.4 24.4 22.3 17.7 13.4 20.3 25.6 21.5 13.6 20.2 Mauritius 21.4 21.7 21.5 20.4 18.5 16.9 16.4 16.2 16.6 17.7 19.0 20.6 20.1 16.5 17.8 21.2 18.9 Mexico 7.7 8.6 10.5 13.2 15.5 17.9 18.7 18.6 17.6 14.5 10.8 8.5 13.1 18.4 14.3 8.3 13.5 Moldavia -6.7 -5.2 -1.3 5.0 10.5 14.0 15.5 14.8 10.8 5.5 1.0 -3.4 4.7 14.7 5.7 -5.1 5.0 Monaco 3.2 3.8 5.6 8.1 11.6 15.1 17.9 17.9 15.5 11.6 7.1 4.1 8.4 17.0 11.4 3.7 10.1 Mongolia -27.3 -25.4 -16.5 -5.9 1.9 7.8 10.5 8.7 1.9 -6.4 -17.0 -24.3 -6.9 9.0 -7.2 -25.7 -7.7 Montserrat 20.1 20.0 20.2 20.7 21.9 22.8 22.9 22.9 22.7 22.2 21.7 20.8 20.9 22.9 22.2 20.3 21.6 Morocco 4.2 5.7 7.2 9.1 12.3 15.5 18.7 18.7 16.3 12.3 8.4 4.9 9.5 17.6 12.3 4.9 11.1 Mozambique 21.6 21.5 21.0 19.4 16.6 14.3 13.9 15.0 17.1 19.3 20.6 21.3 19.0 14.4 19.0 21.5 18.5 Myanmar 11.1 12.4 15.4 19.0 20.9 21.6 21.5 21.4 21.0 19.7 16.3 12.5 18.4 21.5 19.0 12.0 17.7 Namibia 17.5 17.3 16.4 13.6 9.5 6.8 6.1 7.7 10.9 13.8 15.6 16.7 13.2 6.9 13.4 17.2 12.7 Nauru 24.5 24.6 24.6 24.6 24.8 24.5 24.4 24.4 23.8 24.5 24.6 24.8 24.6 24.4 24.3 24.6 24.5 Nepal -8.1 -6.8 -2.6 1.8 5.1 8.6 10.3 10.0 7.9 2.3 -3.3 -6.8 1.4 9.6 2.3 -7.2 1.5 New Caledonia 22.0 22.1 21.8 20.4 18.7 17.3 16.1 16.0 16.5 18.1 19.7 21.0 20.3 16.4 18.1 21.7 19.1 New Siberian Isl -42.8 -42.1 -38.5 -28.9 -12.0 -1.2 1.7 -0.6 -5.0 -19.7 -34.8 -40.3 -26.5 0.0 -19.8 -41.8 -22.0 New Zealand 10.2 10.2 9.3 6.8 4.2 2.2 1.5 2.3 3.9 5.5 7.2 9.0 6.8 2.0 5.6 9.8 6.0 Nicaragua 18.9 19.1 19.9 20.7 21.3 21.1 21.1 20.7 20.7 20.5 19.9 19.3 20.6 21.0 20.4 19.1 20.3 Nicobar Isl 22.1 22.3 22.6 23.0 23.0 23.0 22.6 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.7 22.6 22.9 22.7 22.5 22.3 22.6 Niger 10.7 13.1 17.4 22.1 24.8 25.4 24.5 24.1 23.4 20.6 15.3 11.8 21.4 24.7 19.8 11.9 19.4 Nigeria 16.9 19.4 22.2 23.8 23.5 22.5 21.8 21.5 21.4 21.1 18.8 17.0 23.2 21.9 20.4 17.8 20.8 Niue 23.2 23.2 23.1 22.6 21.4 20.9 19.9 20.0 20.4 21.2 21.8 22.4 22.4 20.2 21.1 22.9 21.6 Norfolk Isl 19.1 19.5 19.3 17.7 16.1 14.8 13.3 13.2 13.5 14.7 16.1 17.6 17.7 13.8 14.8 18.7 16.2 North Korea -17.6 -14.7 -7.2 0.3 6.3 11.7 16.5 16.4 9.5 2.0 -5.6 -13.8 -0.2 14.9 2.0 -15.4 0.3 Northern Marianas 23.8 23.5 23.6 24.2 24.6 25.2 24.9 24.7 24.9 24.8 24.8 24.3 24.2 24.9 24.8 23.9 24.4 Norway -11.0 -10.7 -8.3 -4.2 1.2 5.5 7.7 6.9 3.7 -0.3 -5.4 -8.8 -3.8 6.7 -0.6 -10.2 -2.0 Novaya Zemlya -30.0 -29.0 -24.7 -20.6 -10.4 -2.0 3.2 1.5 -2.0 -11.1 -20.3 -25.0 -18.6 0.9 -11.1 -28.0 -14.2 Oman 15.4 16.3 18.6 21.7 24.4 25.4 24.5 23.6 22.9 21.0 18.9 16.7 21.5 24.5 20.9 16.1 20.8 Pakistan 1.9 4.2 9.3 14.7 18.7 22.2 22.9 22.0 18.7 13.2 7.5 3.2 14.2 22.4 13.1 3.1 13.2 Palau Isl 23.9 23.8 23.9 24.3 24.3 24.1 23.9 24.0 24.2 24.2 24.2 24.2 24.2 24.0 24.2 24.0 24.1 Panama 20.6 20.8 21.7 22.1 22.1 21.5 21.7 21.3 21.1 21.0 20.9 20.5 21.9 21.5 21.0 20.6 21.3 Papua New Guinea 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.3 20.6 19.6 19.3 19.3 19.6 20.0 20.1 20.4 20.5 19.4 19.9 20.5 20.1 Paracel Isl 20.5 20.9 22.6 24.6 25.8 26.2 26.2 25.7 25.1 24.1 23.1 21.3 24.3 26.0 24.1 20.9 23.8 Paraguay 22.0 21.6 20.3 17.6 15.0 13.2 12.9 14.0 16.1 18.7 20.0 21.3 17.7 13.4 18.3 21.6 17.7 Peru 14.8 14.9 14.7 14.2 13.4 12.0 11.6 12.0 12.9 13.5 13.9 14.1 14.1 11.9 13.4 14.6 13.5 Philippines 20.4 20.4 20.9 21.9 22.5 22.3 22.1 22.1 22.0 21.7 21.5 21.0 21.7 22.2 21.7 20.6 21.6 Phoenix Isl 25.0 24.9 25.2 25.2 25.4 25.1 24.9 24.9 25.0 25.0 25.0 24.8 25.3 25.0 25.0 24.9 25.1 Poland -5.8 -4.5 -1.3 2.6 7.6 10.8 12.4 11.9 8.8 4.9 0.8 -3.1 3.0 11.7 4.8 -4.5 3.8 Portugal 5.3 5.9 6.8 8.3 10.8 13.7 15.8 15.7 14.6 11.9 8.1 5.8 8.6 15.1 11.5 5.7 10.2 Prince Edward Isl 3.0 3.5 3.3 2.1 1.1 0.5 -0.1 -0.7 -0.4 0.2 1.2 2.1 2.2 -0.1 0.3 2.9 1.3 Puerto Rica 19.3 19.2 19.7 20.5 21.6 22.3 22.4 22.6 22.4 22.0 21.4 20.4 20.6 22.5 21.9 19.7 21.2 Qatar 12.1 13.4 16.7 20.8 25.3 27.7 29.4 29.0 26.4 22.7 18.3 13.9 20.9 28.7 22.5 13.1 21.3 Reunion 19.0 19.2 18.9 17.8 15.9 14.3 13.8 13.5 13.9 15.3 16.6 18.3 17.5 13.9 15.3 18.8 16.4 Rodrigues Isl 23.4 23.7 23.5 23.0 21.5 19.8 19.0 18.6 19.2 19.9 21.2 22.6 22.7 19.1 20.1 23.2 21.3 Romania -7.5 -5.4 -1.5 3.8 8.7 11.9 13.3 12.7 9.1 4.2 0.1 -4.2 3.7 12.7 4.5 -5.7 3.8 Russia -29.6 -28.1 -21.0 -11.0 -1.4 5.9 9.6 7.3 1.7 -8.0 -19.8 -26.5 -11.1 7.6 -8.7 -28.1 -10.1 Rwanda 11.9 12.1 12.3 12.6 12.5 11.4 10.8 11.7 11.9 12.1 12.0 11.9 12.5 11.3 12.0 12.0 11.9 Ryukyu Isl 12.3 12.7 14.3 17.4 20.3 23.4 25.3 24.9 23.6 20.9 17.8 14.3 17.4 24.5 20.8 13.1 18.9 Samoa 24.4 24.2 24.4 24.3 23.9 23.6 23.1 23.0 23.2 23.5 23.9 23.9 24.2 23.3 23.5 24.2 23.8 San Marino 0.3 1.5 3.2 6.1 10.5 14.3 16.6 16.5 13.5 9.4 5.3 1.3 6.6 15.8 9.4 1.0 8.2 Sao Tome + Principe 21.0 21.3 21.3 21.2 21.0 19.9 19.2 19.4 20.0 20.3 20.6 20.8 21.2 19.5 20.3 21.1 20.5 Saudi Arabia 9.6 11.1 14.4 18.1 22.2 24.7 25.6 25.5 23.2 19.0 14.6 10.8 18.2 25.2 19.0 10.5 18.2 Senegal 15.6 17.8 19.7 21.6 23.5 23.9 23.5 23.3 22.9 22.5 19.4 16.1 21.6 23.6 21.6 16.5 20.8 Severnaya Zemlya -41.0 -39.9 -37.3 -29.9 -16.7 -4.2 1.3 -0.7 -5.4 -19.6 -33.5 -37.0 -27.9 -1.2 -19.5 -39.3 -22.0 Seychelles 24.2 24.7 25.0 25.2 25.4 24.6 23.9 23.9 24.2 24.4 24.1 24.1 25.2 24.2 24.2 24.3 24.5 Sierra Leone 18.8 20.4 21.4 22.1 22.1 21.7 21.4 21.4 21.4 21.3 21.0 19.2 21.8 21.5 21.2 19.5 21.0 Singapore 22.4 22.5 22.8 22.8 23.1 22.9 22.5 22.5 22.4 22.3 22.3 22.3 22.9 22.6 22.3 22.4 22.6 Slovakia -7.9 -5.9 -2.6 1.7 6.3 9.2 10.5 10.2 7.2 3.0 -1.2 -5.5 1.8 10.0 3.0 -6.5 2.1 Slovenia -5.4 -3.3 -0.3 3.7 8.0 11.3 12.9 12.6 9.6 5.2 0.4 -3.7 3.8 12.3 5.1 -4.2 4.2 Society Isl 22.8 23.0 22.9 22.9 22.2 21.1 20.8 20.5 20.8 21.3 22.1 22.4 22.7 20.8 21.4 22.8 21.9 Socotra 16.8 18.3 19.8 22.2 23.7 24.1 23.2 22.8 22.6 20.6 18.7 17.5 21.9 23.4 20.6 17.5 20.9 Solomon Isl 22.3 22.1 22.3 21.8 22.0 21.3 20.8 20.8 21.3 21.7 21.8 22.2 22.0 21.0 21.6 22.2 21.7 Somalia 19.1 19.8 21.1 22.4 22.8 22.7 22.3 22.1 22.2 21.3 20.0 19.3 22.1 22.4 21.1 19.4 21.3 South Africa 16.4 16.2 14.7 11.3 7.2 4.1 3.6 5.4 8.6 11.3 13.6 15.3 11.1 4.4 11.1 16.0 10.6 South Georgia 0.7 1.4 0.6 -1.0 -3.8 -4.6 -5.4 -4.8 -3.4 -1.9 -1.5 -0.6 -1.4 -5.0 -2.3 0.5 -2.0 South Korea -7.0 -5.2 -0.8 5.0 10.2 15.3 19.9 20.4 14.9 8.0 1.8 -4.2 4.8 18.5 8.2 -5.5 6.5 Spain 1.8 2.6 3.7 5.6 8.8 12.4 15.3 15.2 13.0 9.1 5.0 2.5 6.0 14.3 9.0 2.3 7.9 Sri Lanka 21.4 21.7 22.8 24.0 24.8 24.7 24.2 24.0 23.8 23.2 22.5 22.0 23.9 24.3 23.2 21.7 23.3 St Croix 20.0 20.0 20.4 20.9 22.0 22.8 23.0 23.1 23.0 22.5 22.0 21.0 21.1 23.0 22.5 20.3 21.7 St Helena 17.5 18.4 18.7 18.0 17.2 15.8 14.8 14.4 14.6 14.4 15.2 16.3 18.0 15.0 14.7 17.4 16.3 St Kitts 19.3 19.2 19.3 20.0 21.0 21.9 22.0 22.2 22.0 21.5 21.0 20.0 20.1 22.0 21.5 19.5 20.8 St Lucia 20.7 20.6 21.1 21.7 22.9 23.6 23.3 23.2 23.1 22.6 22.4 21.5 21.9 23.4 22.7 20.9 22.2 St Vincent 21.7 21.7 22.3 23.0 24.3 24.7 24.3 24.3 24.1 23.7 23.5 22.6 23.2 24.4 23.8 22.0 23.4 Sudan 13.5 15.0 18.1 20.6 22.6 23.0 22.6 22.4 22.1 20.7 17.3 14.4 20.5 22.7 20.0 14.3 19.4 Surinam 21.0 21.0 21.3 21.7 21.7 21.5 21.1 21.2 21.1 21.3 21.4 21.2 21.6 21.3 21.3 21.1 21.3 Svalbard -20.3 -21.0 -20.0 -16.6 -8.2 -2.3 1.1 0.6 -3.4 -9.3 -14.7 -18.8 -14.9 -0.2 -9.1 -20.0 -11.1 Swan Isl 21.9 21.9 22.6 23.3 24.5 25.1 24.9 24.9 24.7 24.2 23.2 22.6 23.5 25.0 24.0 22.1 23.6 Swaziland 20.2 20.1 19.1 16.2 12.8 9.6 9.7 11.6 14.2 16.0 17.7 19.1 16.0 10.3 16.0 19.8 15.5 Sweden -13.0 -12.4 -8.9 -3.8 1.7 6.7 8.8 7.8 4.2 0.2 -6.1 -10.9 -3.7 7.8 -0.6 -12.1 -2.1 Switzerland -5.4 -4.6 -2.6 0.3 4.3 7.5 9.6 9.3 7.0 3.5 -1.2 -4.1 0.7 8.8 3.1 -4.7 2.0 Syria 1.3 2.5 5.3 9.6 13.9 18.0 20.8 20.5 17.0 12.0 6.2 2.6 9.6 19.8 11.8 2.1 10.8 Tajikistan -16.1 -14.8 -8.8 -2.8 0.5 4.3 7.1 6.2 1.6 -3.5 -8.6 -12.5 -3.7 5.9 -3.5 -14.5 -3.9 Tanzania 17.9 17.9 18.0 17.8 16.6 14.5 14.1 14.8 15.9 17.2 17.9 18.1 17.5 14.5 17.0 18.0 16.7 Thailand 16.7 18.6 20.8 22.9 23.5 23.5 23.2 23.1 22.8 22.0 19.8 17.1 22.4 23.3 21.5 17.5 21.2 Togo 20.2 22.1 23.5 23.7 23.1 22.1 21.6 21.4 21.4 21.5 20.8 20.2 23.4 21.7 21.2 20.8 21.8 Tokelau Isl 25.0 24.8 25.3 25.3 25.3 24.9 24.7 24.6 24.8 24.8 24.9 24.8 25.3 24.7 24.8 24.9 24.9 Tonga 23.9 24.0 23.8 23.2 22.4 22.0 21.0 20.9 21.2 21.9 22.6 23.1 23.1 21.3 21.9 23.7 22.5 Trinidad and Tobago 20.2 20.1 20.5 21.3 22.2 22.3 22.1 22.1 22.1 22.0 21.7 20.9 21.4 22.2 21.9 20.4 21.5 Tristan da Cunha 13.1 13.7 13.6 12.7 11.2 9.9 8.8 8.7 8.8 9.8 11.1 12.0 12.5 9.1 9.9 12.9 11.1 Tromelin Isl 23.7 23.9 23.8 23.2 22.0 20.7 19.9 19.5 19.9 20.9 22.2 23.4 23.0 20.0 21.0 23.7 21.9 Truk Isl 24.2 24.3 24.3 24.5 24.5 24.5 24.1 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.5 24.4 24.2 24.2 24.3 24.3 Tuamotu 24.4 24.6 24.9 24.8 24.2 23.4 22.9 22.7 22.8 23.2 23.6 24.2 24.7 23.0 23.2 24.4 23.8 Tubuai Isl 22.4 22.8 22.6 21.7 20.0 18.3 17.8 17.6 17.8 18.7 20.0 21.2 21.4 17.9 18.8 22.2 20.1 Tunisia 5.8 6.6 8.6 11.3 15.2 19.1 21.4 21.8 19.6 15.2 10.4 6.9 11.7 20.8 15.1 6.4 13.5 Turkey -4.2 -3.1 0.0 4.6 8.5 11.8 14.7 14.4 10.9 6.5 2.1 -1.6 4.3 13.7 6.5 -2.9 5.4 Turkmenistan -3.8 -2.7 2.8 9.6 15.0 19.3 22.0 19.7 14.0 7.2 2.7 -1.2 9.1 20.3 8.0 -2.6 8.7 Tuvalu 24.9 25.0 25.0 24.9 25.2 25.2 24.7 24.6 24.8 24.7 24.6 24.9 25.0 24.8 24.7 24.9 24.9 USA -9.7 -8.0 -4.0 1.1 6.7 11.4 14.2 13.3 9.2 3.0 -3.1 -8.0 1.3 12.9 3.0 -8.6 2.2 Uganda 16.1 16.8 17.4 17.5 17.1 16.5 16.1 16.3 16.3 16.5 16.4 16.1 17.3 16.3 16.4 16.4 16.6 Ukraine -8.2 -6.8 -2.5 4.2 9.7 13.2 14.8 13.9 9.6 4.3 -0.1 -4.5 3.8 13.9 4.6 -6.5 4.0 United Arab Emirates 13.0 14.1 16.9 20.4 24.2 26.4 28.2 28.1 25.6 22.1 18.1 14.8 20.5 27.6 22.0 13.9 21.0 United Kingdom 0.7 0.6 1.7 3.1 5.7 8.6 10.4 10.4 8.7 6.4 3.0 1.6 3.5 9.8 6.1 1.0 5.1 Uruguay 17.9 17.9 15.6 12.6 9.9 7.0 7.2 7.9 9.2 11.4 14.1 16.3 12.7 7.3 11.6 17.4 12.2 Uzbekistan -8.1 -7.2 -0.6 7.4 13.1 17.5 20.0 17.3 11.5 4.4 -0.7 -4.8 6.6 18.3 5.1 -6.7 5.8 Vanatu 21.9 21.9 22.0 21.3 20.4 19.8 19.3 19.1 19.2 20.1 21.0 21.6 21.2 19.4 20.1 21.8 20.6 Venezuela 19.4 19.6 20.3 20.9 20.9 20.5 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.4 19.8 20.7 20.3 20.4 19.6 20.3 Vietnam 16.1 17.2 17.3 21.6 23.2 23.7 23.9 23.5 22.8 21.3 19.3 16.9 20.7 23.7 21.1 16.7 20.6 Virgin Isl 19.8 19.8 20.2 20.8 21.6 22.4 22.6 22.9 22.9 22.2 21.8 20.7 20.9 22.6 22.3 20.1 21.5 Western Sahara 11.6 13.0 14.5 15.5 17.4 19.4 21.8 22.0 21.2 19.1 16.1 12.1 15.8 21.1 18.8 12.3 17.0 Wrangel Isl -29.0 -31.7 -30.3 -24.3 -10.8 -2.0 0.9 0.1 -3.7 -13.3 -21.9 -28.0 -21.8 -0.3 -13.0 -29.6 -16.2 Yemen 13.8 14.7 16.2 19.0 21.2 23.0 22.8 22.7 21.5 18.2 15.5 14.4 18.8 22.8 18.4 14.3 18.6 Yugoslavia -4.8 -3.3 0.1 4.8 9.5 12.5 14.1 13.8 10.3 5.7 1.6 -2.0 4.8 13.5 5.9 -3.4 5.2 Zaire 18.7 18.9 19.2 19.2 18.6 17.3 16.9 17.7 18.2 18.7 18.8 18.8 19.0 17.3 18.6 18.8 18.4 Zambia 17.6 17.6 17.2 15.3 11.8 8.9 8.4 10.7 14.2 16.9 17.7 17.7 14.7 9.3 16.3 17.6 14.5 Zimbabwe 18.4 18.1 17.0 14.6 11.0 8.0 7.7 9.8 13.5 16.7 17.9 18.2 14.2 8.5 16.0 18.3 14.2